载波相位观测对传统双频GPS电离层模型改进研究

详细推导出利用GPS双频码距和载波相位观测联合双频码距进行电离层电子密度求定的2种模型,给出了求定这2种模型参数的数学表达,从理论上指出该2种模型分别适合单历元和多历元解算的基本条件,通过实例进行了2种模型的电离层修正误差的分析和比较.结果表明,载波相位观测联合双频码距建立电离层延迟模型具有观测数据利用率较高、解算精度...     

美国休斯敦市区GPS沉降观测站布设实例研究

随着城市建设的快速发展,大量的城市地下水、矿产资源被大规模的开发和利用以及城市高层建筑建设,导致城市地面沉降危害日益显著,及时的掌握和了解地表沉降情况,是预防城市环境沉降危害的关键,本文提出采用GPS测量技术的地表沉降观测站的研究和设计,通过在美国休斯敦大都市采用构建地表沉降观测站,对地表沉降进行全天候观测和数据采集,为分析美国休斯敦大都市地表沉降变化规律,对城市环境沉降危害预测提供了准确的观测数据支持.     

利用连续GPS资料分析芦山7.0级地震区域地壳变形特征

2013年4月20日,龙门山断裂带南段四川芦山附近发生7.0级地震,造成较严重地震灾害及其次生灾害。为研究地震区域地壳变形特征,利用芦山地震震中周边陆态网GPS连续站2010-2013年的观测资料,得到发震区域水平运动速度场和垂直形变场,获得距震中较近站点的同震位移;利用站间基线时间序列和应变参数时间序列得到了区域应变积累背景,并结合块体运动信息分离方法,进一步分析了震前可能存在的异常形变信息。从中得知:芦山地震发震区域处于块体挤出的"分流"地带,地壳水平变形量较小。站间基线QHBM-SCSN和QHBM-SCXJ在2012年下半年均出现偏离原有运动速率的趋势。SCXJ站时间序列信息分离结果显示,其N向和E向应变贡献分量在2012年也有曲线转折现象。     

Soft copy photogrammetry to measure shore platform erosion on decadal timescales

Shore platform erosion is considered a driving mechanism for cliff recession on many rocky coasts and, in the vicinity of sea defence structures, a threat to their stability, yet the spatial pattern of platform erosion, as well as the rate of lowering, is poorly documented. Measurements based on techniques such as the micro-erosion metre or laser scanner, though highly accurate for short time scales and specific locations, are difficult to extrapolate in space and time. They also fail to record mesoscale changes such as block removal. This paper describes a technique to quantify spatial and temporal changes and presents first results.     

考虑空间效应的出租车超速行为道路因素分析

为充分利用道路特征干预出租车超速行为,搜集成都市区内出租车全球定位系统(GPS)轨迹数据,识别其超速行为,并采集道路特征数据,以各道路的出租车超速频数及平均超速严重度为超速特征,应用全局莫兰指数和4类空间回归模型,分别确定超速特征及道路因素的空间自相关性和显著影响出租车超速特征的道路因素.研究结果表明:出租车超速行为和...     

水汽和风速对雾霾中PM2.5/PM10变化的影响

依据北京2013年PM2.5/PM10、GPS水汽和无线电探空风速资料,发现水汽变化与PM2.5/PM10变化呈正相关,风速变化与PM2.5/PM10变化呈负相关。在风速较小情况下,水汽变化与PM2.5/PM10变化呈显著正相关,水汽上升对应了GPS水汽变化与PM2.5/PM10质量浓度的上升,水汽下降则对应了PM2.5/PM10质量浓度的下降。分析了水汽与PM2.5/PM10变化显著正相关的原因。     

危险废物转移实时监控成本优化分析与研究

对危险废物转移实时监控是实现其全过程管理的重要保证。针对国内外危险废物管理信息化发展和研究现状,指出城市危险废物转移安全监管存在的问题,提出有别于传统自建监控中心做法的基于商业平台监管危险废物转移的成本优化实施方案,实现对运输车辆的内外网两级安全监管。以广州市固废中心为案例,基于商业平台的危险废物监管系统在实现相同功能的前提下不仅大幅度降低系统建设和运营成本,还提高了事故应急响应速度,为我国各城市危险废物安全监管提供参考。     

危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统研究与应用

提出了基于GIS、GPS、GPRS和无线传感网络技术的危险化学品生产储存运输安全监控系统结构及该系统的软件架构和功能设计,介绍了系统在大连某特种气体有限公司的应用情况。该系统利用无线传感网络技术对危险化学品生产储存场所进行实时监控预警,利用GPS和GPRS技术对运输车辆进行跟踪和监控,利用地理信息系统实现对危险化学品生产储存场所及运输车辆信息的查询检索、综合分析、动态管理等功能,从而为危险化学品储存场所安全监测提供科学依据,对抑制事故发生或减少事故伤损范围具有重要的现实意义。     

Breeding Periodicity for Male Sea Turtles,Operational Sex Ratios,and Implications in the Face of Climate Change

Abstract: Species that have temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD) often produce highly skewed offspring sex ratios contrary to long‐standing theoretical predictions. This ecological enigma has provoked concern that climate change may induce the production of single‐sex generations and hence lead to population extirpation. All species of sea turtles exhibit TSD, many are already endangered, and most already produce sex ratios skewed to the sex produced at warmer temperatures (females). We tracked male loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from Zakynthos, Greece, throughout the entire interval between successive breeding seasons and identified individuals on their breeding grounds, using photoidentification, to determine breeding periodicity and operational sex ratios. Males returned to breed at least twice as frequently as females. We estimated that the hatchling sex ratio of 70:30 female to male for this rookery will translate into an overall operational sex ratio (OSR) (i.e., ratio of total number of males vs females breeding each year) of close to 50:50 female to male. We followed three male turtles for between 10 and 12 months during which time they all traveled back to the breeding grounds. Flipper tagging revealed the proportion of females returning to nest after intervals of 1, 2, 3, and 4 years were 0.21, 0.38, 0.29, and 0.12, respectively (mean interval 2.3 years). A further nine male turtles were tracked for short periods to determine their departure date from the breeding grounds. These departure dates were combined with a photoidentification data set of 165 individuals identified on in‐water transect surveys at the start of the breeding season to develop a statistical model of the population dynamics. This model produced a maximum likelihood estimate that males visit the breeding site 2.6 times more often than females (95%CI 2.1, 3.1), which was consistent with the data from satellite tracking and flipper tagging. Increased frequency of male breeding will help ameliorate female‐biased hatchling sex ratios. Combined with the ability of males to fertilize the eggs of many females and for females to store sperm to fertilize many clutches, our results imply that effects of climate change on the viability of sea turtle populations are likely to be less acute than previously suspected.     

2007年湖北省梅雨期可降水量的GPS观测和分析

介绍了湖北省2006年建成的GPS(全球定位系统)气象探测网对2007年梅雨期可降水量的探测,指出GPS探测的可降水量(〖WTBX〗PWV)〖WTBZ〗与探空资料所计算的可降水量具有高度的一致性。通过对多站GPS资料时间序列的分析,揭示了在梅雨期过程中〖WTBX〗PWV的3个阶段的变化特征：在梅雨期来临前PWV都有一个急升的过程,PWV的急升时间长短、升幅、量值大小反映了水汽累积情况,它与梅雨期降水过程有较好的对应关系;梅雨过程中PWV急升达到峰值的过程伴随着明显的降水,进入高值波动阶段后,降水继续维持,PWV下降的过程中,降水逐步减小,直至停止,在这一阶段中PWV时间序列的波动和空间分布特征与梅雨期降水的短时变化有较好的对应关系;PWV〖WTBZ〗的变化幅度和平均量值的平稳减小则反映梅雨期即将结束.