安全科学系列研究生新课程创建及推广经验

为填补安全科学基础理论和安全科学与工程专业研究生教育领域中安全科学类课程的空白,采用理论研究方法和基于“创新安全科学理论—发表系列论文—撰写研究生教材—开设研究生课程—向全国高校推广”的发展思路,经过10多年的不懈努力,先后在国内外行业主流期刊发表200多篇论文,并将这些系列论文编撰成专著教材出版,包括《安全科学原理》《安全科学方法学》《安全统计学》《安全信息学》《安全文化学》《现代安全教育学及其应用》等,在此基础上创建相应的研究生课程及其配套教学资源,并在全国拥有安全科学与工程等学位点的高校中推广,取得显著效果。上述安全科学系列研究生新课程的创建及其经验,可助力安全科学的发展及其应用,同时为安全新学科建设提供参考经验。     

A mixed methodology for evaluating use of evidence in conservation planning

Conservation practitioners widely recognize the importance of making decisions based on the best available evidence. However, the effectiveness of evidence use in conservation planning is rarely assessed, which limits opportunities to improve evidence-based practice. We devised a mixed methodology for empirically evaluating use of evidence that applies social science tools to systematically appraise what kinds of evidence are used in conservation planning, to what effect, and under what limitations. We applied our approach in a case study of the Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC), a leading land conservation organization. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of 65 NCC planning documents (n = 13 in-depth) to identify patterns in evidence use, and surveyed 35 conservation planners to examine experiences of and barriers to using evidence. Although claims in plans contained a wide range of evidence types, 26% of claims were not referenced or associated with an identifiable source. Lack of evidence use was particularly apparent in claims associated with direct threats, particularly those identified as low (71% coded as insufficient or lacking evidence) or medium (45%) threats. Survey participants described relying heavily on practitioner experience and highlighted capacity limitations and disciplinary gaps in expertise among planning teams as barriers to using evidence effectively. We found that although time-intensive, this approach yielded actionable recommendations for improving evidence use in NCC conservation plans. Similar mixed-method assessments may streamline the process by including interviews and refining the document analysis frames to target issues or sections of concern. We suggest our method provides an accessible and robust point of departure for conservation practitioners to evaluate whether the use of conservation planning reflects in-house standards and more broadly recognized best practices.     

黄土高原沟道农业系统与优化模式

黄土高原沟道农业是现代人地关系耦合发展的一种新兴农业地域类型，其可持续发展对于区域农业提质增效、乡村振兴和黄河流域高质量发展具有重大现实意义。本文基于人地系统科学原理阐述了沟道农业的概念内涵、科学认知、优化模式及其保障政策。结果表明：（1）沟道农业可持续性应遵从“要素—系统”到“结构—功能”，注重“沟坡水土保持、流域生态建设与区域乡村振兴”的多目标有机结合。同时，处理好宏观与微观效益的关系以及不同尺度的沟道水土构型、农田景观、农业系统的层次体系，深化贯通式研究，全面揭示沟道农业发展演变过程及其微观作用机理。（2）总结了沟道农业优化模式，搭建了不同模式的框架图，建议完善相关的技术与制度保障体系，以支撑实现区域乡村振兴和黄河流域高质量发展目标。（3）新时期黄土高原现代沟道农业高质量发展应立足于人地系统科学前沿，全面构建现代沟道农业系统理论与方法，深入探究优化沟道农业生产方式和创新经营管理模式的新途径。（4）基于要素流、产业链、流通网，面向SDGs目标和乡村振兴、粮食与生态安全，深入探究不同尺度沟道农业状态评估与情景模拟，服务支撑区域现代化建设决策。黄土高原沟道农业系统特征与优化模式研究，是推动农业地理学研究理论与方法创新，进而为黄土高原农业高质量发展提供科学依据的重要途径。