福州乌鸦咀泉电导率典型异常特征及机理初探

乌鸦咀泉电导率具有明显的夏高冬低年动态变化,如果受到构造应力变化的影响,一般会产生畸变,其异常特征:振荡的短临异常,在年变正常中局部出现转折或加速下降和上升,破年变异常。初步探讨水化异常机理,乌鸦咀泉电导率异常幅度和异常持续时间基本上能反映与震级大小成正比,与震中距成反比。     

公路建设对环境的负面影响

公路建设对环境的负面影响以及相应的环保措施进行了讨论，简述了国内外的公路环保动态，就亟待加强的工作提出了建议。     

现阶段城市物流绿色化发展趋势的动因与对策研究

城市物流形成绿色化发展趋势的主要动因在于汽车运输业的迅速发展厦其给城市环境与人们生活质量所造成的巨大影响上。二战以后。汽车运输业的迅速发展和在给社会提供迅速、使捷与准确服务的同时，也培城市的环境造成了严重的负面影响；尤其是由于城市路网和货物运输中心等基础设施既落后且跌乏科学的规划，无形中更加剧了城市物流与城市环境保护之间的矛盾。为实现城市物流的绿色化发展，实战中就有必要合理规划城市物流系统、通过多式联运以尽量降低卡车运输量的比例、积极应用信息技术以推进和实现物流管理的智能化、发展第三方物流实现共同配送。     

重磁相关分析应用于区域构造解析

本文旨在介绍一种简单易行的重磁相关分析方法及其在解析地质构造问题时的作用,该方法在湖南华容地区的应用收到了较好的效果。     

滇东南岩溶作用丘陵区的金表生分散特征及其区域化探异常成因

通过研究鱼尾子河金异常区金等元素在不同介质中分布、赋存状态 ,结合景观地球化学特征 ,提出滇东南岩溶作用丘陵区金异常带的形成与元素表生富集有关 ,其找矿意义相对较小     

Cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies as indicators for trisomies 13 and 18: A prenatal ultrasound study

The purpose of the present study was to establish sonographic markers for prenatal diagnosis of trisomies 13 and 18. Retrospective analysis of sonographic morphology was therefore carried out in seven fetuses with trisomy 13, and 16 fetuses with trisomy 18. Gestational age ranged between 17 and 39 weeks (median 28 weeks). Polyhydramnios and symmetrical growth retardation were present in 14 of 23 fetuses. A cardiac anomaly was diagnosed in all 23 fetuses, the majority representing a ventricular septal defect (n = 8) or double outlet right ventricle (n = 8). Extra-cardiac anomalies were characterized by a high incidence of limb deformities (polydactyly, clenched hands, club feet; n = 15) and omphalocele (n = 7). We conclude that the combined appearance of cardiac and extra-cardiac anomalies should prompt fetal karyotyping. Cardiac anomalies in combination with fetal limb deformities and omphalocele are suspicious for trisomies 13 and 18.     

Tertiary centre referral of small-for-gestational age pregnancies: A 10-year retrospective analysis

Between 1981 and 1991, 461 pregnant women between 15 and 40 weeks of gestation (mean 30 weeks) with completed follow-up were referred to our centre for prenatal diagnosis because of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus or combined SGA and structural abnormality. The referral diagnosis was based either on biparietal diameter measurements or on measurement of the upper-abdominal circumference. SGA in our centre was defined as a fetal upper-abdominal circumference below the tenth centile. SGA was confirmed by ultrasound in 75 per cent of the fetuses, whilst combined SGA and fetal structural abnormality was substantiated in only 16 per cent of the fetuses. However, in our centre structural abnormality was detected in 34 fetuses who were referred because of SGA alone. Nearly half of the structurally normal SGA fetuses displayed a normal head-to-abdomen (H/A), ratio, whereas an increased H/A ratio was found in 13/15 fetuses with an abnormal karyotype. An abnormal karyotype was present in 20 fetuses, which is 7 per cent of the total SGA population. Nearly 50 per cent represented triploidy associated with oligohydramnios. SGA was confirmed by a birth weight below the tenth centile in 89 per cent, below the fifth centile in 77 per cent, and below the 2·3rd centile in 55 per cent of infants. Structural abnormality was confirmed in 65 per cent of infants, whereas in 19 per cent of infants the abnormality was missed or a misclassification was made. Perinatal mortality was 31 per cent for all SGA fetuses, 27 per cent for SGA fetuses without anomalies, and 64 per cent for SGA fetuses with structural abnormality.     

苍山5．2级地震前安徽省观测到的地震前兆

汇集了１９９５年９月２０日山东苍山５．２级地震前安徽省所属各观测项目记录到的地震前兆数据变化，并初步分析了震前难以做出预报的原因     

华北中部早涝成因的分析研究

本文对北京等华北中部5站1956至1985年旱涝成因进行了分析讨论.结果表明,区域性旱涝主要是在海洋和局地土壤热状况异常作用下产生的.对华北中部而言,冬季黑潮海温与局地地温变化是引起汛期旱涝变异最重要的原因.前期下垫面热源异常对后期旱涝影响往往是通过累积的异常加热造成环流形势和系统的异常而实现的.海温与地温影响降水的机制不同,前者的影响是大尺度的,而后者的影响只是区域性的.当海温异常造成的大尺度环流变化与局地热状况都有利于降水时.洪涝更容易发生,反之易旱.     

Small sample estimation for Taylor's power law

An analysis of counts of sample size N=2 arising from a survey of the grass Bromus commutatus identified several factors which might seriously affect the estimation of parameters of Taylor's power law for such small sample sizes. The small sample estimation of Taylor's power law was studied by simulation. For each of five small sample sizes, N=2, 3, 5, 15 and 30, samples were simulated from populations for which the underlying known relationship between variance and mean was given by ² = c^d. One thousand samples generated from the negative binomial distribution were simulated for each of the six combinations of c=1,2 and 11, and d=1, 2, at each of four mean densities, =0.5, 1, 10 and 100, giving 4000 samples for each combination. Estimates of Taylor's power law parameters were obtained for each combination by regressing log₁₀ s ² on log₁₀ m, where s ² and m are the sample variance and mean, respectively. Bias in the parameter estimates, b and log₁₀ a, reduced as N increased and increased with c for both values of d and these relationships were described well by quadratic response surfaces. The factors which affect small-sample estimation are: (i) exclusion of samples for which m = s ² = 0; (ii) exclusion of samples for which s ² = 0, but m > 0; (iii) correlation between log₁₀ s ² and log₁₀ m; (iv) restriction on the maximum variance expressible in a sample; (v) restriction on the minimum variance expressible in a sample; (vi) underestimation of log₁₀ s ² for skew distributions; and (vii) the limited set of possible values of m and s ². These factors and their effect on the parameter estimates are discussed in relation to the simulated samples. The effects of maximum variance restriction and underestimation of log₁₀ s ² were found to be the most severe. We conclude that Taylor's power law should be used with caution if the majority of samples from which s ² and m are calculated have size, N, less than 15. An example is given of the estimated effect of bias when Taylor's power law is used to derive an efficient sampling scheme.