Potential environmental factors influencing mucilage formation in the northern Adriatic Sea

In the northern Adriatic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, the mucilage phenomenon is usually related to the aggregation of extracellular organic matter of phytoplanktonic origin under special seasonal and trophic conditions. Environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, nitrogen, phosphorus and N/P ratio as well as polysaccharide and monosaccharide levels in the presence and absence of mucilage were investigated in the northern Adriatic Sea. Variations in temperature and salinity during spring in years characterised by mucilage events have been recognised having an important role in preparing a favourable physical environment where mucilage formation could take place. Since the DIN/TP ratio increased markedly during the spring months (March–April) in 2002, 2003 and 2004, preceding the early summer mucilage outbreaks, it appeared that the DIN/TP ratio may be a more robust predictor than the DIN/DIP ratio, which, although more commonly used, exhibited a discontinuous trend. The contents of total carbohydrates, including monosaccharides and polysaccharides, in seawater also varied according to the presence or absence of mucilage, with an increase of polysaccharide levels during the late spring or early summer in the period of the mucilage appearance. The role of carbohydrates in the macro-aggregate formation was also investigated.     

Effects of Water Withdrawal From Ice‐Covered Lakes on Oxygen,Temperature, and Fish1

Abstract: In northern regions, large volumes of water are needed for activities such as winter road construction. Such withdrawals, particularly from small lakes, can reduce oxygen concentrations and water levels, potentially affecting aquatic organisms. Withdrawal limits have been developed by regulatory agencies, but are largely theoretical. Water withdrawal thresholds were tested in two small lakes by removing 10% and 20% of their respective under‐ice volumes and comparing oxygen parameters, temperature, over‐wintering habitat, and northern pike (Esox lucius) abundance to reference conditions. Because of a milder winter, oxygen parameters were elevated in reference lakes in the period following withdrawal compared to the prewithdrawal period. The 10% withdrawal resulted in a ?0.2 m shift in the oxygen concentration profile at 4 mg/l in that lake, but had no effect on total volume‐weighted oxygen, or volume of over‐wintering habitat. In contrast, the 20% withdrawal caused 0.7 m reduction in the oxygen concentration profile at 4 mg/l compared to the previous year, a 26% decline in the volume‐weighted oxygen concentration, and a 23% reduction in the volume of over‐wintering habitat compared to prewithdrawal conditions. Water temperatures were slightly (≤ 10%) colder in the upper strata in the year following the withdrawal in both withdrawal and reference lakes. Northern pike abundance was not impacted by water withdrawals in either of the lakes. The results of this study show that the effects of water withdrawal on the parameters investigated reflected the characteristics of the lakes, and would therefore be expected to vary from lake to lake. Policy development to mitigate impacts must therefore reflect the site‐specific nature of water withdrawal.     

青藏高原北缘银石山地区差异隆升机制

青藏高原北缘银石山地区晚新生代区域构造体制总体为南北向挤压，其主要构造表现有EW向断裂发育及其逆冲活动导致断块的差异抬升、渐新世阿克塔什组中两期挤压褶皱构造、新构造平移断裂发育及其形成多种类型的走滑成因型湖泊等。该地区详细的野外地质调查未发现晚新生代伸展构造形迹。其新构造特征的形成机制可解释为：晚新生代岩石圈地幔的拆沉及软流圈地幔的上隆使上部岩石圈破裂和抬升，同时印度板块与塔里木板块持续的南北向挤压作用使测区总体处于强烈的区域挤压应力场中，从而使表壳地块沿破裂面产生逆冲运动，并造成差异隆升。     

塔北、塔中天然气中CO_2的碳同位素组成及成因探讨

CO2 是塔北、塔中天然气中常见的非烃组分。各油气区内的天然气中CO2 的δ13C值尽管有差别 ,但其表征的成因意义基本一致。塔中天然气中的CO2 可能存在两种来源 ,一种来源于烃源岩岩石和矿物及胶结物分解 ;第二种来自二叠纪火山活动过程中的脱气。轮台凸起构造单元上油气藏 (除雅克拉外 )中CO2来自库车坳陷T -J陆相烃源岩中有机质转化。东河塘天然气中CO2 来自寒武 -奥陶海相碳酸盐岩岩石分解及泥岩中碳酸盐矿物分解     

根据天然气重烃分析对比松辽盆地北部深层气

简要介绍了天然气生烃分析技术，首次总结了松辽盆地北部深层气重烃的基本化学组成，选择和利用深层气重经指标探讨了深层天然气母质类型及其成熟度，井对气源作了对比分析。     

内蒙古阴山北麓丘陵区生态农业模式建设的研究——以化德县七号乡小公勿素村为例

本文通过对内蒙古化德县七号乡小公勿素村几个生态模式系统结构、产业结构、系统功能及畜草平衡的分析，提出在内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带进行生态经济型农业建设的途径和农业可持续发展的系统结构与模式。     

新疆北部浅成低温热液型金矿床成矿地球化学特征初探

产于晚古生代火山岩中的浅成低温热液型金矿床是新疆北部近期发现的一个重要的金成矿类型。通过对本区部分浅成低温热液型金矿的容矿火山岩岩石化学成分、REE分布模式、硫同位素、氢同位素、氧同位素和锶同位素及流体包裹体成分的分析与对比．讨论了其基本成矿地球化学特征,并揭示了本区浅成低温热液型金矿床与我国东部地区某些产于中生代陆相火山岩中的同类型金矿床在成矿地球化学特征上存在的一些差异。     

基于FY2C卫星数据的藏北高原降水估算研究

如何确切的掌握降水的时空分布,对区域气候、水文和生态应用等至关重要。以藏北高原典型区为研究区,在大量地面实况降水观测数据与对长时间序列FY 2C 影像光谱特征和云图特征分析的基础上,获取卫星降水模拟参数特征集以刻画云降水的发生与发展过程,选用最值归一化方法对不同量纲云图特征参数进行归一化处理。构建基于三层前向型反向传播神经网络的卫星降水估算模型,用于该地域降水估算,并采用多指标体系分析模型的降水模拟精度。结果表明：静止气象卫星红外波段能较精确地揭示云的降水机理,较高时间分辨率遥感图像可以监测云图的变化细节,并获取能够反映云图降水特征的降水模拟参数;人工神经网络能较好地刻画该地域卫星降水特征的非线性规律;三层前向型反向传播神经网络卫星降水估算模型的估算结果与雨量计实测值间的相关性可以达到0.57。模型估算结果系统性的低估偏小,预示着对该地域弱降水强度将有较好的指示性     

A HYDROCLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RED RWER OF THE NORTH SNOWMELT FLOOD CATASTROPHE OF 19971

ABSTRACT: The flood hydroclimatology of the Grand Forks flood of April 1997, the most costly flood on a per capita basis for a major metropolitan area in United States history, is analyzed in terms of the natural processes that control spring snowmelt flooding in the region. The geomorphological characteristics of the basin are reviewed, and an integrated assessment of the hydroclimatological conditions during the winter of 1996 to 1997 is presented to gain a real‐world understanding of the physical basis of this catastrophic flood event. The Grand Forks flood resulted from the principal flood‐producing factors occurring at either historic or extreme levels, or at levels conducive to severe flooding. Above normal fall precipitation increased the fall soil moisture storage and reduced the spring soil moisture storage potential. A concrete frost layer developed that effectively reduced the soil infiltration capacity to zero. Record snowfall totals and snow cover depths occurred across the basin because of the unusual persistence of a blocking high circulation pattern throughout the winter. A severe, late spring blizzard delayed the snowmelt season and replenished the snow cover to record levels for early April. This blizzard was followed by a sudden transition to an extreme late season thaw due to the abrupt breakdown of the blocking circulation pattern. The presence of river ice contributed to backwater effects and affected the timing of tributary inflows to the main stem of the Red River. Only the absence of spring rains prevented an even more catastrophic flood disaster from taking place. This paper contributes to our understanding of the flood hydroclimatology of catastrophic flood events in an unusual flood hazard region that possesses relatively flat terrain, a north‐flowing river, and an annual peak discharge time series dominated by spring snowmelt floods.     

南京北郊夏季近地层臭氧及其前体物体积分数变化特征

南京北郊,钢铁、石化等重工业集中,大气污染现状不容乐观.为了研究此类重工业地区夏季光化学污染特征,于2013年5月18日~8月31日连续观测了臭氧及其前体物的浓度并同时记录了常规气象要素.结果表明,观测期间臭氧(O3)、氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机物(VOCs)平均体积分数分别为(32.01±15.20)×10-9、(21.50±14.02)×10-9、(33.16±25.20)×10-9,一氧化碳(CO)为(0.66±0.44)×10-6;O3体积分数小时均值最大值达146.42×10-9;O3超过国家环境空气质量二级标准14.1%.对污染物进行浓度频率分布近似得到观测期间O3、NOx和VOCs背景体积分数分别为(5.71±2.51)×10-9、(12.20±0.36)×10-9和(22.44±0.38)×10-9,CO为(0.28±0.01)×10-6.观测点污染物受周边排放源的影响较大.在风速为2~3 m·s-1的西南风作用下,VOCs中的活性物种体积分数较高,O3体积分数容易累积达到高值;偏东风主导下主要来自周边工业源和交通源的NOx、CO和VOCs体积分数易出现高值.南京亚青期间对工业生产和部分机动车采取了调控措施,O3体积分数未明显减少,并有4 d超过国家二级标准.