A Thermodynamic Geography: Night-Time Satellite Imagery as a Proxy Measure of Emergy

Night-time satellite imagery enables the measurement, visualization, and mapping of energy consumption in an area. In this paper, an index of the “sum of lights” as observed by night-time satellite imagery within national boundaries is compared with the emergy of the nations. Emergy is a measure of the solar energy equivalent used, directly or indirectly, to support the processes that characterize the economic activity in a country. Emergy has renewable and non-renewable components. Our results show that the non-renewable component of national emergy use is positively correlated with night-time satellite imagery. This relationship can be used to produce emergy density maps which enable the incorporation of spatially explicit representations of emergy in geographic information systems. The region of Abruzzo (Italy) is used to demonstrate this relationship as a spatially disaggregate case.     

城乡交错带土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响

以长沙市南郊山地丘陵区为研究对象,选择7种不同土地利用方式（次生林地、经济林地、杉木人工林、采伐迹地、撂荒地、苗圃地、坡耕地）研究了城乡交错带不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：7种土地利用方式下,土壤颗粒组成主要集中在1～0.05 mm和＜0.001 mm两个粒级范围内,土壤质地以重壤土和轻粘土为主。随着人为干扰程度的减弱,土壤砂粒（1.0～0.05 mm）、土壤粉粒（0.05～0.01 mm）百分率逐渐下降,＜0.01 mm的土壤物理性粘粒百分率增加。自然、半自然状态利用方式的林地（次生林地、经济林地、杉木人工林地）土壤总孔隙度、含水量普遍较高,土壤密度低于坡耕地、苗圃地、撂荒地、采伐迹地,而土壤pH值、有机质含量及氮、磷、钾含量普遍高于坡耕地、苗圃地、撂荒地、采伐迹地     

壳聚糖的物理/化学改性及其对含酚废水的处理

将壳聚糖物理改性为球形颗粒,然后在微波辐射下,球形壳聚糖与柠檬醛接枝反应,再与NaBH4还原反应,制备一种新型环保材料--物化改性壳聚糖.采用红外光谱仪(IR)、X衍射仪(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面测定及孔径分析仪(BET)结构表征改性壳聚糖.通过含酚制药废水的动态小柱吸附实验,研究了时间、柱高和出水流速等...     

Social Acceptability of Water Resource Management: A Conceptual Approach and Empirical Findings from Portland,Oregon1

Abstract: Surface water resources in urban areas serve multiple functions ranging from recreation to wildlife habitat. As a result, diverse values influence people’s views about resource protection, potentially leading to conflicting interests. In metropolitan Portland, Oregon, natural resource planning has recently focused on habitat restoration as well as stormwater and pollution mitigation, especially through the protection of riparian areas. Due to opposition over proposed regulations in the study region, this research examines public attitudes about an array of resource management efforts. The primary research question is: what is the extent of positive–negative attitudes about water resource protection, and what theoretical dimensions underlie diverse judgments? After empirical survey results are presented, I outline a conceptual approach for future assessments of environmental attitudes while highlighting important value‐based dimensions of judgments. Although flexible, the framework allows broad comparisons to advance knowledge about the social acceptability of varied water resource management approaches across diverse places and contexts.     

含硝基苯类化合物废水处理技术研究进展

综述了近年来处理含硝基苯类化合物废水的物理法（包括吸附法和溶剂萃取法）、化学法（包括电化学法、铁碳微电解法、超声波氧化法和臭氧氧化法及复合技术）和生物法的研究进展。指出将现有的处理技术高效整合并降低成本是今后处理含硝基苯类化合物废水的研究方向和重点。     

坡地赤红壤物理退化及其机理研究──Ⅲ.土壤物理退化机理分析

主要通过相关统计和综合分析,探讨坡地赤红壤物理退化的内部和外部环境的影响因素．指出养分贫瘠化,尤其是贫有机质化是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的主要内部原因,植被破坏则是坡地赤红壤物理性状退化的外部因素、而人类活动的影响对坡地赤红壤的物理退化有重要作用。     

生态修复工程实施后对土壤理化性质改善效益初探

通过监测和田地区生态修复项目实施后所取得生态效益的结果表明,生态修复项目实施后,由于项目区风速降低,温度和相对湿度的变化减少,提高了植被盖度,降低了风蚀量,促进了成土作用的进行,从而逐渐改善了土壤的理化性质。     

外力作用下管道内表面缺陷处裂纹扩展研究

为提高油气管道安全风险评估的准确性,以含内表面缺陷管道为研究对象,利用ABAQUS软件线弹性及弹塑性分析不同尺寸缺陷对裂纹萌生特征的影响;采用扩展有限元法,建立管道3点弯曲模型与全尺寸静载物理试验,并非线性拟合裂纹扩展尺寸,研究内表面缺陷处裂纹扩展情况.研究结果表明:内表面缺陷中心处极易萌生裂纹,随着缺陷尺寸的增大,裂...     

细菌在近海污染监测及评价中的应用研究

通过对天津渤海湾的三个河流入海口(青静黄排水河、独流减河和海河),不同季节实地采集的水样中微生物数量及理化因子如温度、盐度、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)、无机氮等的研究,发现细菌指标与理化指标对污染指示结果有一定的相似性,都指示青静黄排水河河口污染较严重.利用SPSS软件的相关性分析方法对实验结果进行分析,发现水环境中细菌指标与理化因子具有一定的相关性.其中异养菌数与COD呈显著正相关性(P<0.05),与DO呈负相关性(P=0.051);大肠菌群数与理化因子DO呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),与COD呈正相关关系(P=0.061),与NO3-N,盐度呈负相关性(P>0.05).其他细菌指标与各理化因子也存在一定的相关性,但不明显.