九寨沟和黄龙自然保护区原始林与次生林土壤物理性质比较

森林土壤的结构和贮水保水能力是决定土壤水分及其时空分布的关键,九寨沟和黄龙自然保护区均是以水为灵魂,其水量的多少及时空分布格局对景区景点的视觉观赏效果具有十分重要的作用.通过对几寨沟和黄龙核心景区原始林与次生林土壤容重、持水性能和孔隙度等指标的监测,探讨了不同植被类型下土壤结构及持水能力状况.结果表明:(1)由于较早地得到保护,九寨沟景区原始林、桦槭次生林土壤物理性质均优于四川西部其它同类犁植被,与此相反,人工云杉纯林土壤物理性质明显劣于其它植被类型,可能主要与云杉平根系统对土壤膨胀挤压和单优势乔木群落所形成的不利微气候影响有机物分解归还土壤有关;(2)在黄龙核心景区的原始云、冷杉林,发育于坡积母质的土壤物理性质明显优于发育于钙华母质卜的土壤物理性质.图3表1参31     

计划烧除攀枝花苏铁林区地面覆盖物对苏铁生长和土壤理化性质的影响

选择攀枝花苏铁林下计划烧除试验后苏铁及其根系周围土壤(0~15 cm)为对象,研究火烧对攀枝花苏铁植株生长、叶片生理和苏铁根系周围土壤理化性质的影响,以期为区域攀枝花苏铁种群恢复和生态环境保护提供理论依据.结果表明:计划烧除区域苏铁成年树的株数及株高没有显著变化,新生叶片数目和幼苗株数相对未烧除区域显著增加,增幅分别达201.66%和317.7%;烧除区域苏铁植株新生叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b,可溶性糖、蛋白质含量,硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,叶片碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)含量,C/N、N/P比与对照区域新生叶片相比无显著性差异,只有类胡萝卜素含量显著降低.计划烧除改变了苏铁根围土壤(0~15 cm)的理化性质,表现在烧除后的土壤含水量、pH值及总N、P、K含量显著降低;但是,火烧显著提高了土壤有机碳(TOC)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量,微生物量C、N含量也略有升高;这说明火烧有利于增加苏铁林下土壤养分(N)的有效性,为烧除后苏铁快速恢复生长提供有利条件.     

菹草生理特性对底质物理性质变化的响应

沉水植物的恢复是水生态修复的关键,但在光照、溶解氧以及水力条件等满足的情况下,不同性质的底质会影响沉水植物的生长。以菹草（Potrmogeton crispus）为研究对象,通过向过适宜营养条件下的底泥中添加原底泥30%、70%、100%体积量的沙,以改变底质的物理性质,在30 d内测定菹草的过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、植物叶绿素、植物干物率、植物根系活力的变化情况。结果表明,几种处理试验组中,掺加原底泥体积70%沙组的CAT活性响应得较慢,在第20天时才达最大;全底泥和掺加原底泥体积30%沙的2个试验组10 d后POD活性持续上升,而掺加原底泥体积70%和100%组对POD的响应则几乎停止;各试验组植物叶绿素整体呈现下降趋势,但掺加原底泥体积100%沙组中植物叶绿素最高。植物干物率在20 d后都呈现下降的趋势。研究表明,若只通过加沙改变河道底质性质,则加原底泥体积70%～100%的沙对菹草的生长相对最有利。     

Physical properties and biodegradability of blends containing poly(ε-caprolactone) and tropical starches

In order to assess feasibility of tropical starches (sago and cassava starches) as biodegradable plastic materials, blending with poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), a biodegradable polymer, was carried out. It was confirmed that the physical properties (tensile strength and elongation) of PCL/sago and PCL/cassava blends were similar to those of PCL/corn blend, suggesting that sago and cassava starches can also be blended with PCL for production of biodegradable plastic. However, the properties of all PCL/starch blends were still low compared with those of polyethylene. Enzymatic degradability evaluation showed that lipase degradation of PCL and-amylase degradation of starch increased as the starch content in the blend increased. Burial test of the blends for 1, 3, and 5 months was carried out and the rate of degradation of the PCL/sago blend was confirmed to be slower than those of PCL/corn and PCL/cassava blends. Observation of the film blends structure by scanning electron microscope revealed that the starch was dispersed in a PCL continuous phase. Furthermore, changes in the film surface before and after enyzme treatments were observed.     

普通高校专项体育课男女生合班教学的优势分析

通过调查访问、对比实验的方法,对普通高校专项体育课的教形式进行了比较分析,结果表明:男女合班教学更容易被学生所接受,且教学效果优于男女分班教学。     

膳食方式与学生体质状况的相关性研究

目的:了解不同就餐方式学生的体质状况,为提高膳食服务质量、增进学生体质健康发展提供参考依据.方法:对湖南环境生物职业技术学院南校区(简称湘环职院,下同)3个医科系和广西壮族自治区南宁市卫生学校(简称南宁卫校,下同)护理、口腔、中西医3个专业学生采用整群分层随机方法抽取794人进行就餐方式问卷调查和体格检查.结果:①在学校大食堂吃大众餐学生的身高、体质量、营养评价和发育状况均好于在学校小食堂现炒现吃学生、在自己家吃饭或亲戚朋友家搭餐学生和校外排档就餐学生;②4种就餐方式学生的体型评价和视力评价差异无显著.结论:在学校大食堂就餐学生的体质状况相对较好,应鼓励学生过集体生活,到学生大食堂吃大众餐.     

Comparative Ecocenotic Characteristics of Mosses in the Taiga Zone of West Siberia

Some results of the ecocenotic analysis of forest and bog mosses, widespread or locally occurring in the taiga zone of West Siberia, are described. The species were compared with respect to their edaphic requirements, and a relationship was observed between geographic variation in cenotic parameters and changes in macroconditions of the physical environment, primarily in lithologic, geomorphological, and climatic conditions. The results of analysis confirmed the existence of such a relationship, but moss species proved to differ in their response to changes in physiographic conditions.     

Estimation of regional physical imports and exports of EW-MFA in China using monetary input-output tables

Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports (RPIE), which includes international and interregional imports/exports. This method uses provincial monetary inputoutput tables (MIOT) and international trade statistics. A coefficient matrix representing correlations between monetary value and physical mass for years 2000–2009 was obtained based on a detailed commodity classification and 22 material production sectors in MIOT. With the coefficient matrix as reference, RPIE was measured. Pilot calculation of both regional physical trade balance and domestic material consumption, as well as a brief analysis of these methods, were conducted using 2002 data.