CULTURAL ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PAST,PRESENT, AND FUTURE1

ABSTRACT Attitudes toward the development of the American West have undergone important changes over the past century just as the nature of water resources as factors in development have changed. Viewing these changes processually, stages for water resources definition and use can be identified in the total process of western cultural development. The first stage involves the value of water resource development as a stimulus to population and economic growth in the West. The second stage, still in process', adopts a dominant cultural norm which sees water resource development as inevitable if not necessary to keep up with growth. A third stage to this evolutionary process is incipient. Future cultural values and thinking with respect to water resource development will be to look at development as a means for controlling or managing both the location and quantity of population and economic growth. To this end planners will have to become concerned with the questions of human adaptation. Concern will have to be given to the problems of getting a living which enables individuals to meet the subsistence needs of self and family, to establishing community which provides for cooperation among individuals and the management of conflict, to establishing improved communication which promotes interpersonal interaction, and for fostering innovation which provides the new ideas necessary to adapt to new environmental situations.,     

Comparison of the Vegetation and Seed Bank on Hedge Banks of Different Ages in Brittany,France

The composition of the herbaceous cover and the seed bank of old and recent hedge banks in Brittany were studied and compared. Concentration method was used for seed bank samples. Grimes plant strategies were used to explain observed patterns. The analysis of the seed bank of these hedge banks showed that the species richness and diversity differed in relation to the date of construction of the hedge banks. The seed banks of recent hedge banks were richer and more diversified than those of old hedge banks. Differences in the floristic composition of the established plant cover between the recent and old hedge banks were determined by multivariate analyses. The species exclusively found in the seed bank and in the herb cover of recent hedge banks were mainly grassland species, whereas the species that only occurred on old hedge banks tended to be woodland species. The floristic composition of the two compartments (established vegetation and seed bank) was very different. A multivariate analysis revealed that the difference between the composition of the seed banks of recent and old hedge banks was less than that between the composition of the established vegetation and seed bank of hedge banks of the same age. Both seed bank and vegetation of recent hedge banks were dominated by ruderal species, whereas old hedge vegetation was dominated by stress-tolerant woodland species, indicating that mechanically constructed hedge banks may impose limitations on colonization by late woodland species.     

庐山野生观赏植物资源的保护与开发利用

按园林用途对庐山的野生观赏植物资源进行了分类介绍,分析了在保护、开发和利用方面存在的问题,同时对野生观赏植物资源在我国园林生态建设方面的独特作用提出了一些建议.     

Integrated rice-fish culture: Coupled production saves resources

Rice is a key component in global food security, as it is the main ingredient in the daily diets of around 3 billion people, especially in Asia. Like all agricultural production, rice cultivation depends on scarce natural resources. This article briefly outlines the utilization of land and water in rice production, and suggests an approach for optimizing use efficiency, namely through the combination of rice and fish culture. The authors argue that the utilization of land and fresh water is optimized through integrated and complementary production of rice and fish — two basic foods items in daily local diets. The article reviews currently available scientific literature on integrated rice‐fish systems. Rice‐fish culture systems are briefly characterized, and respective yield potential and interactions between rice and fish are discussed. Results of socio‐economic surveys regarding the adoption of integrated rice‐fish culture are summarized. The article also reviews literature on the impact of fish culture on rice field ecology as outlined in studies on weed infestation, insect populations, and greenhouse gas emissions. The article concludes that rice‐fish culture can be an option to help rice producing countries keep pace with soaring domestic demand for food, especially fish. Integrated rice and fish culture optimizes the benefits of scarce land and water resources through complementary use, and exploits the synergies between fish and plant.     

电厂山区性河流取水工程安全设计分析

通过对代表性山区河流电厂的取水工程安全实例分析 ,根据取水方式不同 ,建议应采取的措施分为 :直接在天然河道上布置取水构筑物时 ,取水头部上下端加设三角形挡沙板 ,取水口上游设导沙丁坝 ,抬高取水头高程和进水底槛高程 ,并且可考虑设置两套取水系统 ,枯水期直接利用河道取水头取水 ,洪水期从移动式泵车取水 ;在河道上设置拦河低坝取水时 ,必须设置配套取水防沙设施 ,如排沙闸或冲沙闸 ,进水闸前设导沙坝 ,冲刷闸前设导沙坎 ,泄洪闸前设冲沙廊道和导流堤 ,还可在河道上设置潜水丁坝等。     

高等级公路车速管理研究

高等级公路交通事故中约 1/ 3与车速直接相关。为保证高等级公路行车安全 ,车速管理非常必要。从我国高等级公路管理现状出发 ,根据对我国高等级公路车辆实际运行特征和运行车速的实地调查 ,笔者对高等级公路车速限制的设定、发布及实施进行了研究 ,提出了应根据公路、交通、气象、历史事故数据等条件动态确定限制车速的概念 ,并就高等级公路车速管理的实施进行了探讨 ,重点强调了道路设计和交通安全文化建设在实施车速管理中的重要性。     

关于沙文化研究的几点认识

沙文化是人们对沙资源开发利用的文化思考.为拓展沙文化研究的新局面,对沙文化研究的焦点问题,如沙文化的提出、定义、研究意义、"语言"和表现形式、内容体系、重点和难点,以及沙文化的创新要求进行了分析说明,以此推动沙文化这一新生事物的发展,使沙资源化害为利,造福人类.     

关于我国城市污水厂延伸污泥处理与处置责任的探讨

城市污水厂在污水处理过程中产生大量污泥物质。其BOD5数量远超过尾水排放的BOD5数量，是后者的数倍之多。目前城市污水厂寻找生污泥直接外运的出路日益困难，污泥出路不畅，经常出现泥满为患的现象。本文探讨延伸城市污水处理厂的职能，使污泥的“生产者”承担起污泥处理和处置的环境责任，激励其全面关注进水有机物的最终无害化，将污泥处理以及最终处置(如土地填埋、焚烧或资源化等)的工程造价、运行费用以及相应的环境影响均纳入城市污水处理厂进行考虑，这样将对我国城市污水厂的环境管理观念带来革命性的变化。     

A technology for the treatment of olive-mill waste water in a continuously fed plant

A bench-scale pilot plant has been developed for the treatment of olive-mill water. The plant is fed in a continuous mode and implements a primary treatment (sand filtering and irradiation with UV-rays) and a secondary treatment (anoxic and aerobic biological treatment). Satisfactory results were obtained and the treated green water falls under the limits of the Italian legislation. Veratric and ferulic acid biodegradation were studied under anoxic conditions in order to verify the requirements for optimal biodegradation. Electronic Publication     

三峡库区资源植物调查初报

本文通过实地考察表明,三峡库区有资源植物2068种,其中药用植物1006种、纤维植物140种、油脂植物76种、观赏植物74种、野果植物54种、芳香植物54种、树脂树胶植物68种、淀粉与糖类植物52种、鞣料植物32种、珍稀植物47种以及其它类型植物465种。