预应力预制叠合楼板耐火性能参数分析

在合理选择混凝土和预应力筋材料的热工参数、高温力学参数的基础上,采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立底面受火的预应力预制叠合楼板的高温热力学模型,计算结果得到已有试验结果的验证。对影响预应力预制叠合楼板高温力学性能的各参数进行有限元分析,结果表明:荷载水平和耐火保护层厚度对叠合楼板耐火性能的影响显著,混凝土强度、预应力筋截面配筋率等参数对叠合楼板的耐火性能影响较小,可以忽略不计;耐火保护层厚度一定时,叠合楼板的耐火极限随荷载水平的提高而降低;荷载水平一定时,叠合楼板的耐火极限随耐火保护层厚度的增加呈非线性提高。在ISO-834标准火灾作用下,叠合楼板跨中挠度变化率速率大于L2/(9000d)可作为其达到耐火极限的判别标准。选取荷载水平、混凝土保护层厚度两个重要影响参数进行分析,提出了叠合楼板的耐火极限取值建议,为预应力预制叠合楼板的抗火设计提供技术参考。     

改性生物炭活化过硫酸盐对水中苯和氯苯的去除机制

采用传统的液相沉淀法合成铁盐改性花生壳生物炭（Fe-BC）,将其作为活化过硫酸盐（PS）的活化剂用于去除水体中的苯和氯苯.通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、Boehm滴定法和BET测量对合成材料的结构和形态进行了表征,研究了pH值和水中阴离子对反应体系的影响以及材料的再利用性能.结果表明,在Fe-BC/PS体系中,反应3h后苯和氯苯的去除率均高达100%.Fe-BC/PS去除苯和氯苯协同机制包括BC的吸附、自由基的氧化等.在中性及酸性溶液中,苯和氯苯的去除率均能够达到100%.水中常见阴离子对反应体系具有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制强度依次为HCO₃^->HPO₄^->Cl^->NO₃^-.Fe-BC材料具有良好的再利用性能,是一种高效、廉价的PS活化剂.     

储罐冷却材料喷涂装置的设计与优化

针对火灾情况下油罐区的保护问题,设计了一种储罐冷却材料喷涂装置。装置通过“动”、“静”结构结合的设计方案,满足了对高吸水性聚合物冷却材料的混配溶胀与喷涂要求。利用FLUENT软件对新型旋流静态混合器的分析结果表明,新型旋流静态混合器切向速度大,径向混合能力和湍流扩散能力强,有利于实现良好的混合效果。     

基于风洞实验的冷却塔空腔区范围影响因素研究

目的基于火电厂采用"烟塔合一"排烟方式时可能由于污染物下洗造成"空腔区"内地面高浓度等问题,分析空腔区范围,以科学设置环境防护距离。方法采用相似理论,将10个"烟塔合一"火电厂及地形按几何比缩小至风洞实验室内,通过测量冷却塔后方湍流度,并对比背景湍流度的方法,分析不同冷却塔形状以及不同下垫面条件下冷却塔空腔区的尺寸。结果空腔区的高度、宽度与冷却塔高宽比存在正相关性,山地地形更有利于湍涡耗散,而使空腔区范围较平坦地形更小,厂区内大型建筑物位置会对冷却塔空腔区的范围产生影响。试验分析得出,冷却塔空腔区范围基本在冷却塔高度的2倍以内,高宽比越大,则空腔区范围越小,地形越复杂,空腔区范围越小。结论火电厂采用"烟塔合一"排烟方式时,建议优先选择高宽比大的塔型,以降低排烟冷却塔对周围环境影响的可能性。     

基于O3/UV法的消解终止自动确定方法

为了提高基于臭氧协同紫外（O₃/UV）法的COD在线监测装置的检测效率和检测精度,分析了不同水样在消解过程中二氧化碳气体生成浓度的变化率与有机物消解率之间的关系,提出了一种消解终止自动确定的检测方法.通过采集消解过程中各传感器的数据,基于使用滑动标准偏差法计算二氧化碳气体浓度变化率的标准差自动确定消解终止时间.对不同种类、不同浓度的有机物进行消解实验,发现在二氧化碳实时浓度的标准差小于0.003时,有机物基本消解完全,可认为达到反应终点.该方法不仅可用于COD的在线监测提高检测效率和检测精度,也对基于臭氧协同紫外（O₃/UV）法的废水处理具有指导意义.     

Energy and CO2 from high performance recycled aggregate production

The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in applications other than road sub-layers is limited by two factors: the high porosity of RCA in comparison with natural aggregates, and the restrictions set forth in standards and building codes. Research efforts aimed at alleviating these restrictions are focused on improving the quality of coarse RCAs by reducing the amount of adhered cement pastes, which is the weakest element in this system and influences the rheological behaviour.This paper presents an analysis of the environmental impacts of the recent mechanical and thermo-mechanical processing techniques which produce high performance RCA by reducing the volume of adhered cement paste. Based on published data, processing scenarios were established. These scenarios permit making rough estimates of energy consumption, CO₂ emissions, fines generation and product quality. Using these data and the available emission factors from several countries, an objective comparison was made between these innovating processes and conventional recycling.The production of fines increases from 40% up to as much as 70% as the volume of adhered cement paste on the RCA is reduced. Fuel fed thermo-mechanical process energy consumption, per tonne of recycled aggregate, varies between 36 and 62 times higher than conventional recycling processes. Mechanical processing, combined with microwave heating, increases energy consumption from 3 to a little more than 4 times conventional recycling. Consequently, CO₂ emissions released by conventional coarse aggregate production go from 1.5 to 4.5 kgCO₂/t, to around 200 kgCO₂/t, for that of fossil fuel fed thermo-mechanical treatments.Mechanical and mechanical/microwave treatments appear to have the greatest environmental potential. Notwithstanding, the further development of markets for fines is crucial for reducing environmental loads.     

低溶解氧胁迫下生物膜-颗粒污泥anammox工艺生物富集特性及脱氮功能菌群和基因的演变研究

为探究低溶解氧(DO<0.5 mg·L^-1)条件对厌氧氨氧化（anammox）工艺脱氮性能、生物膜及颗粒污泥特性、菌群结构及其功能基因的影响,试验构建了试验室规模的上流式载体生物膜-颗粒污泥 anammox系统 .结果表明,反应器在长达 175 d的运行过程中脱氮性能良好且运行十分稳定,系统平均 NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N 和 TN 去除率分别为 95.0%±2.1%、99.0%±1.0% 和 87.0%±2.1%. 在紧密结合型 EPS（TB-EPS）中,颗粒污泥与载体生物膜的蛋白（PN）/多糖（PS）值分别为 0.094 和 0.048,有利于颗粒污泥和生物膜的形成 . 粒径大于 0.5 mm 的 anammox 颗粒污泥占比达到72.0%,有利于系统持留脱氮菌群 .菌群结构分析中发现,生物膜的优势菌门分别为变形菌门（29.6%）、浮霉菌门（10.7%）和绿弯菌门（10.7%）,颗粒污泥具有相似的优势菌门,对应相对丰度（RA）分别为 25.6%、24.3% 和 7.6...     

晶面协同TiO2的制备及其可见光催化特性

以不同氟化物为晶面控制剂,采用超声辅助-溶胶凝胶法制备｛001｝和｛101｝晶面协同的F-TiO₂,借助XRD、TEM和EDS表征其物相结构、微观形貌和元素组成,通过改变氟化物种类和添加量确定F-TiO₂的最佳制备条件,并探讨其可见光催化过程中的主要活性物种及作用机理,研究关键反应参数对F-TiO₂光催化活性的影响.结果表明,引入NH₄F、NaF和HF可调控TiO₂沿｛001｝、｛101｝晶面生长,同时F^-掺杂能够增大材料的比表面积,制备所得材料的光催化性能均高于纯TiO₂.但在NaBF₄调控下合成的TiO₂为锐钛矿/金红石/Na₃TiF₆三相共存的半导体耦合结构,可见光催化活性显著下降.当NH₄F添加量为0.1 g时,材料显示出最强的光催化性能,可见光照射60 min后RhB的降解率为97.24%,矿化率达78.39%.降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,速率常数为0.1321 min^-1.通过自由基捕获实验和ESR测试发现,h⁺、·OH均以关键活性因子参与F-TiO₂的可见光催化过程.F-TiO₂光催化活性增强主要归因于｛001｝和｛101｝晶面的协同作用和表面异质结的形成,其能有效提高光催化反应过程中光生电子空穴对的分离和迁移效率.在可见光照射下,适当增加催化剂投加量,降低RhB初始浓度,控制溶液为中性环境,可显著提高材料的降解速率.     

离子交换树脂在污泥处理中的应用及展望

离子交换树脂(IER)因其不溶性以及可循环利用性被广泛用于废水处理,但目前仍缺乏其对污泥应用研究的综述。本文汇总了污泥中常见IER类型(阳离子交换树脂、阴离子交换树脂以及螯合树脂),并介绍了树脂的基本特性以及适用的污泥方向,其中阳离子交换树脂,尤其是强酸性苯乙烯系阳离子交换树脂,适用范围最广。IER在污泥中的应用归为4类,分别为去除/回收重金属、回收磷、胞外聚合物提取以及调理污泥,并阐述了基本应用机理以及优缺点。针对IER在污泥中应用的不足,提出未来的研究方向,包括改性或开发新型IER去除/回收污泥中的重金属,优化IER直接回收污泥中磷的方法,改进IER调理污泥的方式以及开发新型分离IER与污泥的手段。本文有助于研究人员更好的了解IER在污水厂污泥中的应用现状,优化IER处理污泥的应用方式以及开发应用于污泥处理的新型IER。     

Preparation of magnetic nanocomposite beads and optimizing the conditions for effective removal of U(VI) from aqueous solutions

Magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (IIPs) were prepared by precipitate polymerization and leached with HCl to remove uranium. Their ability to remove hexavalent uranium from wastewater effluents was studied. Batch adsorption studies to determine the optimum conditions of U(VI) removal were conducted at different levels of sample pH, sorbent amount, agitation time, and initial uranium concentration. It was observed that, under optimum conditions (i.e. pH 4, adsorbent amount of 50 mg, 45 min agitation time, and initial U(VI) concentration of 2 mg L^?1), the maximum removal of U(VI) cations was >98% and 80% for the magnetic IIP and the corresponding magnetic non-imprinted polymers (NIP), respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorption of U(VI) onto magnetic IIP and NIP. The adsorption capacity of U(VI) was determined to be 1.06 and 0.85 mg g^?1 for the two isotherms, respectively. The order of selectivity was found to be U(VI) > Fe(III) > Pb(II). For six cycles of regeneration and reuse, the magnetic polymers maintained their stabilities with only a 4% loss in the extraction efficiency. The average extraction efficiencies of the magnetic polymers for the spiked acid mine drainage and sewage wastewater effluents were 71% and 58% for the magnetic IIP and NIP, respectively. From powder X-ray diffraction analysis, application of the Scherrer equation yielded magnetic nanoparticles of an average mean diameter of 11.9 nm. Thermo-gravimetric analysis revealed that the HCl-leached magnetic polymers had a magnetite residual weight of 5%.