The role of social support and place attachment during hazard evacuation: the case of Sandy Lake First Nation,Canada

This paper examines how and if the post-disaster distribution of housing assistance in two cities of Bam, in Iran, and Bhuj, in India, fulfilled the broad aim of enabling the stricken population to achieve housing recovery. Drawing on interviews with stricken households and officials as well as document review, the paper provides an account of the housing assistance distribution policies in these cities as they were formed, evolved, interpreted, and implemented as well as the ways they were experienced by disaster-stricken people. The paper investigates who did not receive assistance, who did not recover (yet) despite receiving assistance, and – in contrast to these groups – who recovered/accumulated new assets during the recovery process. While in both cities public policies of assistance distribution expanded the capacity of the majority of the stricken people to recover, they failed to provide a timely and appropriate support for the recovery of lower income groups, tenants, and squatters, in line with their needs and priorities.     

基于AHP法的地震灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制模型

为了提高地震灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制效果,设计一个基于AHP法的灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制模型。从抗震能力、节能等方面进行考虑,建立了灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量评价体系,采用层次分析法计算指标权重并进行一致性检验,对施工质量进行评价,根据评价结果确定需要控制项目的优先级,从而对具体对象进行质量控制,以此完成基于AHP法的灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制模型的设计。并通过实例分析证明了此次研究的控制模型的可行性与有效性,为灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制提供参考。     

韧性理论视角下贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理刍议

韧性理论引入灾害风险管理领域,为世界防灾减灾实践提供了新理念,并在国内外韧性城市社区建设中得到广泛应用,但针对乡村地区,尤其是高脆弱性的贫困村韧性社区建设的研究还较为鲜见。该文以韧性理论为基础,结合乡村振兴战略规划,通过对贫困村社会生态系统特征的分析,探讨了新时期我国贫困村灾后恢复重建与灾害风险管理发展方向及特点。研究发现:贫困村不仅产业经济落后,而且还具有自然环境复杂、基础设建设滞后、社会公益设施匮乏、教育水平较低、自然灾害频发等特点。这类灾害多发区与贫困人口聚集区在空间上的叠加,成为我国社会生态系统高脆弱性地区,面临着严峻的防灾减灾与扶贫开发的双重挑战;基于韧性理论视角,通过构建贫困村适灾韧性系统,开展贫困村社区韧性综合评价,调整贫困村灾后恢复重建规划编制理念等,以推动贫困村灾后恢复重建的转型;在此基础上,结合贫困村社会生态系统特点,以建立健全贫困村灾害风险管理机制、探究提升贫困村适灾韧性社区建设的新途径、协同灾害管理与乡村振兴发展目标、开展灾区恢复重建动态监测与后效评价等政策举措为抓手,深化贫困村灾害风险管理实践,提升贫困地区可持续发展能力。     

Post-disaster resettlement, development and change: a case study of the 1990 Manjil earthquake in Iran

Planned and involuntary resettlement after natural disasters has been a major policy in post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries over the past few decades. Studies show that resettlement can result in significant adverse impacts on the resettled population. Conversely, a well-planned and managed resettlement process can produce positive long-term development outcomes. This article presents the results of a case study undertaken 11 years after the 1990 Manjil earthquake in Iran. During the reconstruction period, a policy of involuntary planned resettlement was pursued extensively. The socioeconomic changes that occurred as a consequence of this policy of involuntary resettlement are analysed. Data were collected via a questionnaire survey that involved a sample of 194 relocated households (grouped into a settlement that later became a town). The paper shows that relocated families face difficult socioeconomic challenges after relocation and regrouping. This is especially true with respect to employment, income, the empowerment of women and lifestyle issues.     

灾害救助评估理论方法研究与展望

灾害救助评估是一种辅助决策工具,收集和分析灾害及灾害救助信息,为灾害救助活动的决策、规划和控制提供有效的信息支持,其内涵主要包括4个方面:①评估灾害对社会产生的影响;②灾害应急抢险需求与方案优化;③救助资源可获得性;④促进和加速灾后恢复与区域发展的可行性。灾害救助过程包括规划、数据收集与调查、分析与解读、趋势预测、辅助决策、灾害监测等6个环节。灾害救助评估内容按照灾害救助阶段总体分为应急快速评估和灾后详细评估两大类。其中,应急快速评估主要侧重于灾情和应急救助需求,是灾害救助评估的传统研究领域,为应急抢险和受灾人口基本生活保障提供信息支持;灾后详细评估则主要用于全面分析灾害对社会、经济、生态环境系统造成的损失和影响,为灾后恢复与重建提供辅助决策支持。     

Vulnerability of community businesses to environmental disasters

Business plays important roles in community functioning. ² However, disaster research has been disproportionately focused on units of analysis such as families, households and government agencies. This paper synthesises the major findings within the business development research field and the disaster research field. It constructs a framework for evaluating business vulnerability to natural disasters. Our theoretical integration of the research conducted to date addresses five major issues. First, it defines the ways in which businesses are subject to the impacts of natural disasters. Second, it identifies the factors that determine the magnitude of business impacts after a disaster. Third, it identifies how and when businesses return to their pre-disaster level in the disaster stricken community. Fourth, it describes measures that can be taken by individual firms and community planners to reduce the impacts of environmental disasters. Fifth, it identifies needs for public policy and future research to reduce business vulnerability to environmental disasters.     

西方灾后重建经济理论及其借鉴意义

介绍了Yasuh ide Okuyam a的灾后重建经济理论,重点分析了灾害发生以后经济的变动情况,以及在灾害后的经济重建过程中,储蓄率和技术进步率等变量将如何变化,进而如何影响灾后的经济重建过程。阐述了借鉴此理论对中国汶川8.0级地震灾后重建的指导意义。     

权利分析视角下的农户灾后恢复分析——以甘肃省TP村地震灾害为例

以阿马蒂亚.森的权利分析方法作为主要的理论框架,在参考脆弱性分析和社会资产分析的基础上,将外部干预和农户的社会资本加入上述权利分析框架,用以解释农户灾后恢复的差异。研究发现,资源禀赋和交换权利的差异造成了农户灾后恢复的差异:具有较好资源禀赋和交换权利的农户能够迅速跳出短期贫困的陷阱,恢复生计;而资源禀赋和交换权利较差的农户则无法迅速跳出地震灾害所造成的短期贫困陷阱,恢复生计。     

Climate justice,adaptation and the Paris Agreement: a recipe for disasters?

A Capability Approach is adopted to critically analyse, in the interests of Climate Justice, whether the Paris Agreement is likely to adequately protect human and non-human Capabilities from the worst impacts of climate disasters. The mitigation, adaptation, and loss and damage provisions of the Paris Agreement are not convincing. Adaptation offers only a modest response to climate change, compared with mitigation, and current financial commitments to fund adaptation in developing countries are far too low. Consequently, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have a long way to go in their negotiations before they have any hope of meeting their agreed temperature goals, and protecting human and non-human Capabilities from climate disasters.     

基于成本收益的灾后重建区耕地保护区位选择

灾后重建区的耕地保护区位选择是保障农村发展、保护生态环境的重要课题。文章运用成本收益论,将直接投入成本、非农化机会成本以及政策成本耦合得出耕地保护投入成本,与潜在收益综合分析后形成了重建区耕地保护区位选择的研究框架,构建了区位选择指标体系。在此框架下,对2008年"5·12"地震中位于重灾区的四川省彭州市进行了实证分析,借助GIS空间分析技术,以行政村为基本评价单元,研究高适宜性的耕地保护空间位置。结果表明,彭州市耕地保护的优选区位主要位于通济镇、新兴镇、磁峰镇、桂花镇、军乐镇、隆丰镇、升平镇、三界镇、敖平镇以及丽春镇、葛仙山镇大部分地区。研究为彭州市补充灾毁耕地、耕地空间重置等灾后重建工作的开展提供科学依据。