防灾减灾规划与灾后重建规划的反思——由舟曲泥石流灾害想到的

通过对灾后重建规划的反思,强调坚持安全第一的灾后重建选址原则,强化灾害评估机制的程序,提倡坚持科学发展观,树立与自然和谐共生的规划理念;针对我国人地矛盾突出的特点,提出了城镇发展要规模适度及实施迁村并点的具体措施等预防和减轻灾害的规划途径;并提出了建设高效的应急体系,以应对超标准自然灾害的建议。     

Theorizing distributive justice and the practice of post-disaster housing recovery

This paper examines the implications of contemporary conceptions of distributive justice for post-disaster recovery programmes. The question asked in this paper is essentially theoretical: what does a concern with distributive justice entail when developing and evaluating post-disaster recovery programmes? Housing recovery programmes are employed to provide a contextual grounding for the discussion. We present a review of the disaster recovery literature and recent programmes of post-disaster housing recovery to map the ways in which distributive justice have been theorized, interpreted, debated and put into practice. We reflect on what different principles of distributive justice imply for post-disaster recovery programmes in terms of their impact on opportunities for individuals and communities to recover from disasters, and also on their realizing possibilities of advancing justice in the post-disaster society. The paper concludes by outlining a number of dimensions of a pluralist account of distributive justice. Using these dimensions and taking into account tensions within and between them, we attempt to offer a framework for reflecting on and assessing distributive arrangements of disaster recovery programmes.     

Government to Citizens (G2C) communication and use of social media in the post-disaster reconstruction phase

Post-disaster reconstruction (PDR) poses specific and complex challenges that government agencies have to deal with. Existing crisis management and communication models as well as literature on social media adoption by public organisations tend to focus on the critical stage, neglecting the issues that arise when the social, physical and cultural environments affected by a disaster have to be rebuilt. Conversely, this paper presents some preliminary findings on the Government to Citizen (G2C) communications and social media usage in PDR settings. The PDR process that followed the earthquakes in Emilia-Romagna (Northern Italy) in 2012 was used as a case study. Data derived from field notes and multiple-choice questionnaires revealed that government agencies provided information mainly about housing and infrastructure and financing and that they addressed this information to all citizens, although information was sometimes targeted specifically to business people, homeowners and members of community-based groups. Government officers gave preference to face-to-face contacts, Web portals and printed material. Social media were used predominantly as additional means of communication of PDR-related information, thus underrating their potential for community engagement and G2C bidirectional communication. In the discussions, findings are integrated into and validated against literature and communication theories.     

四川汶川特大地震灾后重建的产业集群调整分析

从自然资源、社会资源、经济资源三个维度对灾区资源承载力变迁进行分析与评估;就灾区产业集群现状,给出产业集群的内外聚集评价与分析;从网络设施、环境发展、集群计划、外部平台四个层面思考灾区产业集群调整战略,从过程和布局两大部分探讨灾区产业集群解决思路,从实施原则、集群涅黎、外包服务和支持体系四个方面研究灾区产业集群调整的实施框架,从工业产业现代化、集群工业园区化、企业 基地 农户农业产业集群化、大项目→产业链→产业集群化、区域特色 地震纪念五个方位讨论灾区产业集群调整的有效途径,从经济发展与环境保护、国家集体与个人利益、高新技术产业与传统产业、政策性集聚效应与非政策性集聚效应四个角度阐述灾区产业集群调整的统筹兼顾,在此基础上构建灾区新型的产业集群.     

中国自然灾害灾后响应能力评价与地域差异

灾后恢复是减灾管理的重要环节。从灾害系统角度界定了恢复性的概念；构建了由地均粮食产量、单位面积上拥有的病床床位数、人均城乡居民储蓄存款余额、地均财政收入、人均财政收入、基本建设投资和综合通行能力等指标组成的评价指标体系；提出了灾后恢复能力指数模型；对全国县域单元进行了灾后恢复能力评价。结果表明：我国灾后恢复能力指数Z值呈现“东高西低”的地域差异；贫困县域Z值普遍偏低，西藏、新疆西部、西南云贵地区、北方农牧交错带应是当前进行恢复能力建设的重点区域；城市Z值普遍较高，其地域差异与城市经济水平相对应。研究结果可为自然灾害救助区划提供依据，为减灾县域管理决策提供支持。     

灾后恢复重建示范区规划环境影响评价探讨

阐明进行灾后恢复重建示范区规划(战略)环境评价研究的必要性及其双重意义;在此基础上,论述了国内外研究现状及存在问题,包括战略环境评价现状动态、开展本研究的可能性、机理探讨及动态仿真思路等;然后,提出了进行灾后恢复重建示范区规划环境评价研究的具体内容,包括研究背景、机理、方法论及实证等。研究表明,从规划(战略)环境评价角度开展灾后恢复重建示范区规划建设研究,在做好环保工作的同时,将强化灾后恢复重建示范区的防灾减灾功能,具有较好的现实意义及研究预期。     

Towards an earthquake-resilient world: from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention

ABSTRACT

Destructive earthquakes in urban or rural areas around the world have caused severe damage to local societies. Pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction can significantly reduce the impact of earthquakes on communities. To explore the popular research topics and trends in this area, CiteSpace was used to develop a knowledge map visualization. It was found that the main research into earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction has been focused on disaster risk reduction planning, disaster mitigation knowledge, participatory disaster governance, and community resilience building. In this Special Issue, there were six distinctive earthquake disaster research papers that covered scientific, social, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that to reduce the effects of earthquake disasters, an interdisciplinary research approach and systems thinking is needed. The investigation also revealed that there has been a paradigm shift from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention to build community and urban resilience.