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171.
    
Poverty, unemployment, and environmental degradation are growing issues and significant challenges to sustainable development. They are visible obstacles to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The three ZEROS (zero net carbon emissions, zero poverty, and zero unemployment) within the SDGs have not yet been thoroughly explored and need to be empirically examined. This is the primary aim of this study, which focuses on 10 developing countries in Asia & the Pacific. The study utilized panel data from 1997 to 2021 and a stochastic impact by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model and implemented the second-generation panel unit root test, cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lags (CS-ARDL), panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) approaches, and panel Granger-causality test. The empirical results of the CS-ARDL approach vindicate that poverty contributes to the environmental deterioration proxied by CO2 emissions, while the unemployment rate inhibits the environmental damage. The other regressors, namely national income by real gross domestic product per capita, energy use, and population are harming the environment, while technological innovation and digitalization reduce environmental degradation. These results are re-corroborated by implementing the FMOLS estimator. The Granger causality results reveal a bidirectional causality between poverty and environmental degradation. Therefore, it is essential for management authorities to implement pragmatic public policies that focus on sustainable development strategies, such as investing in education and stimulating sustainable economic growth. This will help to reduce unemployment, improve living standards, decrease poverty, and ultimately achieve the Three Zeros Club initiative and sustainable development goals.  相似文献   
172.
    
This study estimates the prevalence of health insurance coverage and associated socioeconomic factors in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Using the nationally representative household survey of the 2017/2018 DRC Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), we applied weighted logistic regression models to identify regions and subgroups with low health insurance coverage. The study's findings revealed a low insurance coverage of less than 5%, with significant disparities across provinces and socioeconomic status. Additionally, three factors were strongly associated with the low health insurance coverage rates: education, wealth, and financial inclusion proxied by bank account ownership. Consequently, we recommend that the government, the private sector, and donors prioritize programs targeting provinces with less coverage and individuals without formal education to increase health insurance coverage. This study encourages the government to establish national programs to improve financial inclusion, which could positively impact poverty reduction and health insurance coverage. We also propose that the government initiates pilot projects for premium exemptions and through subsidies for vulnerable populations in the short term, and ensure formal employment for the majority of the population in the long term to facilitate the proper collection of premiums for individuals. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on health insurance in the DRC and sub-Saharan Africa by identifying the socioeconomic factors that explain the prevalence of health insurance coverage. The findings of this study have important policy implications for the government, the private sector, and donors to promote health insurance coverage and achieve universal health coverage.  相似文献   
173.
    
Protected areas (PAs) represent a key global strategy in biodiversity conservation. In tropical developing countries, the management of PAs is a great challenge as many contain resources on which local communities rely. Collection and trading of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) is a well-established forest-based livelihood strategy, which has been promoted as a potential means for enhanced conservation and improved rural livelihoods in recent years, even though the sustainability or ecological implications have rarely been tested. We conducted an exploratory survey to understand the role and stakeholder views on conservation prospects and perceived ecological feasibility of NTFPs and harvesting schemes in a northeastern PA of Bangladesh, namely the Satchari National Park. Households (n?=?101) were interviewed from three different forest dependency categories, adopting a stratified random sampling approach and using a semi-structured questionnaire. The study identified 13 locally important NTFPs, with five being critically important to supporting local livelihoods. Our study suggests that collection, processing and trading in NTFPs constitutes the primary occupation for about 18% of local inhabitants and account for an estimated 19% of their cash annual income. The household consensus on issues relating to NTFPs and their prospective role in conservation was surprisingly high, with 48% of respondents believing that promotion of NTFPs in the PA could have positive conservation value. The majority (71%) of households also had some understanding of the ecological implications of NTFP harvesting, sustainability (53%) and possible management and monitoring regimes (100%). With little known about their real application in the field, our study suggests further investigations are required to understand the ecological compatibility of traditional NTFP harvesting patterns and management.  相似文献   
174.
资源,生存空间与扶贫战略   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文在对资源和人类生存空间的讨论中,提出了自然资源、经济资源和社会资源的概念以及人类生存空间的地理性、经济性和社会性,并从资源和人类生存空间的角度对贫困问题进行了分析,认为社会资源贫乏及社会空间狭小是贫困的主要原因,因此,如何从资源的整体性出发,开发贫困地区的社会资源、扩展生存的社会空间是制定扶贫战略的重点。  相似文献   
175.
中国西南喀斯特地区人口、资源、环境与可持续发展   总被引:50,自引:0,他引:50  
中国西南喀斯特地区人口-资源-环境的矛盾非常突出,贫困与生态恶化的双重压力严重制约区域可持续发展。西部大开发战略为西南喀斯特地区的持续发展和反贫困提供了前所未有的机遇。喀斯特地区可持续发展的首要任务是更新观念,以生态环境重建为切入点,加强基础设施建设,实施科教兴国战略,控制人口数量、提高人口素质;调整产业结构,加大扶贫开发力度,把宏观调控与市场机制相结合,实现跨越式发展。  相似文献   
176.
农村人口动态多维贫困:状态持续与转变   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
能力贫困、动态贫困、多维贫困更符合贫困的本质和走向,本文利用2010年和2012年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)农村平衡面板数据,运用Biprobit模型基于个人层面可行能力和主观福利感受分析农村人口多维贫困状态持续与转变。结果表明:农村人口年龄、从事农业活动时间、区域差异、受教育程度、绝对收入、社会地位及相对收入等均对农村人口持续多维贫困产生显著影响。受教育程度、从事农业活动时间、区域差异、年龄、相对收入、户籍和绝对收入均对农村人口陷入多维贫困产生显著影响。农村人口从事农业活动的时间越长,持续多维贫困的可能性越高,陷入多维贫困的可能性越低。东部、中部、西部发生持续性多维贫困的可能较高,而东部、西部陷入多维贫困的可能性较低。绝对收入、相对收入和社会地位越高,农村人口发生持续性多维贫困的可能性越低。女性、受教育程度较低的农村人口持续性多维贫困的可能性更高。相对收入较低的农村人口易于陷入多维贫困,然而相对收入对农村人口持续性多维贫困的作用不明显。社会地位对农村人口持续性多维贫困产生消极作用,却对陷入多维贫困的影响不显著。主要研究结论:打破"持续多维贫困"恶性循环应从"小处"着手,以"输血"为主,"走进去"识贫,"走出来"脱贫;防范农村人口陷入多维贫困应从"大局"着眼,把发展和消除不平等作为解决多维贫困的根本途径,引导"脱贫"和防范"返贫",提能力避返贫,新思路促扶贫。精准扶贫机制要建立在契合贫困本质的贫困标准上,找准"贫根",寻共性扶贫,诊特性脱贫。  相似文献   
177.
农业文化遗产保护目标下农户生计状况分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
农户生计是农业文化遗产认定标准之一,也是影响农业文化遗产保护与传承的关键因素,在贫困地区,遗产保护与农户脱贫的两难困境更为突出。本研究基于可持续生计理论和分析框架,以全球重要农业文化遗产地——云南红河哈尼稻作梯田为案例区域,通过生计资本指标体系构建和量化,对比分析了不同生计途径农户的生计状况。评估结果发现,农户的生计资本均值为2.312,生计资本处于匮乏状态,金融资本值最低,而文化资本值最高。从事农业和打工是当前农户的主要生计途径,旅游接待成为生计拓展的重要形式。三类农户生计资本值和家庭年均收入排序相同,都表现为旅游接待户打工兼业户纯农业户,纯农业户的生计状况最差。从单项生计资本看,旅游接待户和打工兼业户的人力资本显著高于纯农业户,物质资本和金融资本比较中,旅游接待户显著高于其他两类农户,说明人力资本越丰富的农户越可能倾向于兼业,农户开展旅游接待需要较高的物质和金融资本作为基础。这意味着,农业文化遗产保护要大力提高农户的农业经营收益,延长农业的价值链和产业链,完善农村金融市场,开展旅游接待培训,从人力、金融等多方面改善农户生计资本状况,实现生计途径拓展。  相似文献   
178.
从多角度分析新疆于田县50多年来的人口变化状况,其变动由3个波峰和3个波谷组成。增长率最高峰为1984年的34.13‰。最低峰是1964年的-2.29‰。两者相差36.42‰。形成人口高增长率的因素主要是社会稳定、医疗条件改善、文化大革命及政策;而瘟疫流行、自然灾害、人口惯性及政策控制了其增长。同时,由于宽松的少数民族生育政策。其人口控制和变化比发达地区滞盾一个时段.并亵现出偏远、自给自足地区受外界干扰少——一种典型封闭系统的人口变化特征。各类人口模式的变化都表明于田县人口变化已趋于一个较为合理的增长。为该县的经济和社会的持续发展提供了客观可能性。  相似文献   
179.
生态补偿是我国生态建设、环境保护领域的一项重要政策,精准扶贫是我国促进区域协调发展、确保贫困人口如期脱贫的重要举措,两者在客体、主体、载体、标准、方式及途径等方面存在对接点。国家提出“通过生态补偿脱贫一批”,各区域也结合实际情况,将生态补偿与精准扶贫相结合开展了相关工作。当前,中国精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接途径主要有贫困人口与生态补偿对象、扶贫地域与生态补偿地区、产业扶贫与生态补偿措施、贫困程度与生态补偿标准、扶贫政策与生态补偿需求等方面的对接,各有其内涵及特征。为进一步促进精准扶贫与生态补偿的对接发展,可从加强理论研究、明晰对接方向及重点、夯实公众基础、创新发展途径等方面采取措施。  相似文献   
180.
Climate change: linking adaptation and mitigation through agroforestry   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Agriculture is the human enterprise that is most vulnerable to climate change. Tropical agriculture, particularly subsistence agriculture is particularly vulnerable, as smallholder farmers do not have adequate resources to adapt to climate change. While agroforestry may play a significant role in mitigating the atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG), it also has a role to play in helping smallholder farmers adapt to climate change. In this paper, we examine data on the mitigation potential of agroforestry in the humid and sub-humid tropics. We then present the scientific evidence that leads to the expectation that agroforestry also has an important role in climate change adaptation, particularly for small holder farmers. We conclude with priority research questions that need to be answered concerning the role of agroforestry in both mitigation and adaptation to climate change.  相似文献   
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