Assessment of the Extreme Rainfall Event at Nashville,TN and the Surrounding Region on May 1–3, 2010

This paper analyzes the May 1–3, 2010 rainfall event that affected the south‐central United States, including parts of Mississippi, Tennessee, and Kentucky. The storm is evaluated in terms of its synoptic setting, along with the temporal distributions, and spatial patterns of the rainfall. In addition, the recurrence interval of the storm is assessed and the implications for hydrologic structure designs are discussed. The event was associated with an upper‐level trough and stationary frontal boundary to the west of the rainfall region, which remained quasi‐stationary for a period of 48 h. Heavy rainfall was produced by two slow‐moving mesoscale convective complexes, combined with abundant atmospheric moisture. Storm totals exceeding 330 mm occurred within a large elongated area extending from Memphis to Nashville. Isolated rainfall totals over 480 mm were reported in some areas, with NEXRAD weather radar rainfall estimates up to 501 mm. An extreme value analysis was performed for one‐ and two‐day rainfall totals at Nashville and Brownsville, Tennessee, as well as for gridded rainfall estimates for the entire region using the Storm Precipitation Analysis System. Results suggest maximum rainfall totals for some durations during the May 1–3, 2010 event exceeded the 1,000‐year rainfall values from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Atlas 14 for a large portion of the region and reached up to 80% of the probable maximum precipitation values for some area sizes and durations.     

Evaluation of Satellite‐Derived Rainfall Data for Multiple Physio‐Climatic Regions in the Santiago River Basin,Mexico

Assessment of water resources requires reliable rainfall data, and rain gauge networks may not provide adequate spatial representation due to limited point measurements. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) provides rainfall data at global scale, and has been used with good results. However, TRMM data are an indirect measurement of rainfall, and therefore must be validated for its proper use. In this work, a validation scheme was designed and implemented to compare the TRMM Version 7 (V7) monthly rainfall product at different time frames with data measured in two hydrologic subregions of the Santiago River Basin (SRB) in Mexico: Río Alto Santiago and Río Bajo Santiago (RBS). Additionally, three physio‐climatic regions provide an assessment of the interplay of topography, distance from coastal regions, and seasonal weather patterns on the correspondence between both datasets. The TRMM V7 rainfall product exhibited good agreement with the rain gauge data particularly for the RBS and for the whole SRB during wettest summer and autumn seasons. However, strong regional dependence was observed due to differences in climate and topography. Overall, in spite of some noted underestimations, the monthly TRMM V7 rainfall product was found to provide useful information that can be used to complement limited monitoring as is the case of RBS. An improved combined rainfall product could be generated and thus gaining the most benefits from both data sources.     

一株茎点霉菌的抗镉机制

从矿区土壤筛选到一株对镉具有较强抗性和富集能力的丝状真菌,编号为F2,根据其形态主要是分生孢子器的特征鉴定为茎点霉菌.对不同镉浓度液体培养下菌体的生长及培养液的pH值变化作了分析,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜与能谱分析相结合的方法研究镉在F2胞内外的沉积作用及分布情况,从而分析该菌对镉的抗性和富集机制.结果表明,100mg/L的镉浓度下,在细胞壁及周围区域存在大量颗粒状镉沉积物,而在菌体表面也有沉淀物附着.因此胞内外沉积作用可能是该菌对高浓度镉的抗性和富集作用的重要途径,而且因为该菌生长过程中尤其是高镉浓度下pH值的大幅度上升,沉积过程可能与该菌在生长过程中产生碱性物质有关.     

螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的工业实践

介绍了一个采用螯合沉淀法处理电镀废水的典型工业实例。在工业装置上,进行了氢氧化钠、硫化钠和DT-CR去除重金属离子效果的对比,讨论了DTCR的加入量与处理成本的关系和pH值对DTCR用量的影响。结果表明,将废水的pH值调至8.0~8.5后再加DTCR,可以使DTCR的使用量最少,处理成本最低;此法对重金属离子的去除效果远优于传统化学沉淀法。     

20世纪90年代以来上海地区降水资源变化研究

为了揭示20世纪90年代上海地区降水资源的变化特点,根据1991-2003年上海地区11个站降水资料,在与前30年(1961-1990年)平均比较的基础上,统计分析1991年以来降水量、降水日数、相对湿度、蒸发量、降雪日的变化情况,结果表明:20世纪90年代以后,上海地区年平均降水量增加11%,汛期平均雨量增加18%,年平均降水日数却略有减少,这样使年平均降水强度增强了12%,季节分配格局改变,区域分布格局未变;年平均相对湿度和年平均蒸发量略减小,年平均降雪日数减少5d。     

TA对印染废水处理效果的影响

印染综合废水的酸析预处理效率主要受废水中对苯二甲酸（TA）含量的影响,且印染综合废水酸析规律与纯TA配制液相比较存在一定的差异,分别对纯TA配制液,印染综合废水,加TA后的废水,酸析预处理后的废水进行好氧生化处理试验,研究其降解规律与去除效率,结果表明TA属易好氧生化物质,它的存在可提高废水的可生化性。     

差压式流量计误差产生机理分析及改进

通过对管内流体流动机理的分析 ,指出目前普遍使用的差压式流量计误差产生的原因 ,并对流量计的改进进行构思及对改进途径作了探讨。     

Marshaling Adaptive Capacities within an Adaptive Management Framework to Enhance the Resiliency of Wastewater Systems

We assess adaptive capacity and adaptive management as measures of wastewater (WW) system resiliency using data from interviews with WW system managers (hereafter managers) impacted by past storms. Results suggest the most resilient WW systems are those with high adaptive capacities that employ an adaptive management approach to make ongoing adaptation investments over time. Greater amounts of generic adaptive capacities (i.e., skilled staff and good leadership) help smooth both day‐to‐day and emergency operations and provide a foundation for adaptive management. In turn, adaptive management helps managers both build more generic adaptive capacities, and develop and employ greater amounts and diversity of specific adaptive capacities (i.e., soft and/or hard adaptations) that are especially important for enhancing and sustaining resiliency. Adaptive management also enables managers to better understand their system's vulnerabilities, how those vulnerabilities change over time, and what specific actions may reduce those vulnerabilities. Finally, our work suggests WW system resilience critically depends on the capacities of the human systems for building resilience as much as or more so than relying only on physical infrastructure resilience. Our work contributes to filling an important gap in the literature by advancing our understanding of the human dimensions of infrastructure resilience and has practical implications for advancing resilience in the WW sector.     

粒状活性炭处理水样并采用紫外分光光度法快速测定水中的硝酸盐氮

介绍一种通过用粒状活性炭处理水样并采用紫外分光光度法快速测定水中硝酸盐氮的方法,用粒状活性炭处理水样以消除干扰,使水中硝酸盐氮得到了快速而又准确的测定。