木制家具生产行业的职业危害与个体防护

通过对木制家具生产工艺流程及加工过程的调研分析,归纳出木粉尘、噪声、有机挥发物、机械伤害等10种主要危害因素,将各种危害因素对安全健康的影响和致病形式进行总结,并对木制家具生产企业进行现场调查。指出企业在职业危害防护措施方面的欠缺与不足,同时对木制家具生产行业职业危害的防护措施、个体防护装备的选用以及防护装备使用中的注意事项进行说明。研究认为,木制家具生产行业中危害因素多且危害程度严重,安监部门应加强对企业的监督管理,企业应为职工提供有效防护措施和个体防护装备。     

基于改进YOLOX的变电站工人防护设备检测研究

为解决电气工人防护设备检测问题,通过改进YOLOX算法,提出检测工作人员防护设备的模型。首先在预测部分改进损失函数,为解决损失函数计算存在的缺陷,对IOU损失的计算方法进行改进,根据防护设备任务特性,通过调整各种类型损失函数的权重,增加对模型误判的惩罚,对模型进行优化;其次在算法主干网络中引入CBAM注意力模块提高神经网络对工人防护设备的感知能力;最后在算法Neck部分,将UpSample结构用于多尺度特征融合,加强网络的细节表达能力,从而提升对小目标困难样本的检测精度。研究结果表明：改进后的YOLOX模型平均精度均值达到87.24%,与已有YOLOX模型相比提升2.46%,具备有效性,适用于变电站工人防护设备检测。研究结果可为电气工人提供更高的防护装备检测精度。     

贵州省矿业生产诱发喀斯特石漠化的机理与治理对策探讨

文章对贵州省矿产开发导致的喀斯特石漠化现状及机理进行了调查分析,发现:贵州大宗开采的煤、磷、铝土、金、铅锌、重晶石等矿产主要分布在碳酸盐岩分布区,赋矿层位均在碳酸盐岩所夹的碎屑岩中或碳酸盐岩中。矿产的开发导致水土流失、地下水位下降,排放的废气、废水使植被死亡或抑制其生长,导致了严重的石漠化,是人类强烈经济活动的直接结果。并对此提出了防治对策。     

海洋工况下航空发动机冷端叶片的冲蚀损伤与防护概述

围绕海洋环境下航空发动机的服役特点,针对发动机叶片在海洋/近岸地区不同气候条件下的工作状况,对发动机冷端叶片在腐蚀-冲蚀联合作用下的失效机制进行了梳理总结.对海洋环境下服役的发动机叶片防护涂层的相关研究进行了归纳,总结了不同叶片防护涂层的设计理念及其性能表现.对于航空发动机叶片的防护涂层,目前主要是以一元或多元金属氮化...     

我国直升机的防护救生装备问题

本文介绍了直升机在救援中所发挥的巨大作用,分析了目前我国直升机的防护救生技术所存在的问题。建议大力开展直升机防护救生装备的研发工作。     

屏蔽门对地铁站台颗粒物分布的影响研究

通过2018年1月的污染天和非污染天在上海人民广场地铁站对装有屏蔽门系统的1号线站台和装有安全门系统的2号线站台上的颗粒物数量浓度进行监测并作对比研究,结果表明:污染天和非污染天,安装屏蔽门系统的站台颗粒物数量浓度相对于安全门系统分别降低2.08%~35.44%和5.69%~51.31%。屏蔽门站台的颗粒物浓度表现为后站台>前站台>中站台;安全门系统颗粒物浓度无规律。屏蔽门系统站台的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量要低于安全门系统,站台两端的颗粒物在人体内的沉积量高于站台中间。     

欧美工业事故防护服标准体系

国外防护装备涵盖了非消防人员配备的事故防护装备,主要用于现场应急处理时配备使用。工业事故类防护服标准体系包括产品标准与相应的检测检验方法标准,对工业事故类防护服提出了特殊的性能要求与检测评估方法。了解国外工业事故类防护服标准体系,有助于我国工业事故应急防护领域的发展。     

Injury severity related to overturn characteristics of tractors

Introduction

Early studies of injuries associated with overturns indicate that more fatalities occurred when a tractor overturned beyond 90° (continuous roll) relative to the impact plane. Recently, the principle of preventing continuous rolls has re-emerged for the protection of riding lawnmower operators.

Method

Related to tractors, a population-based study was conducted that compared the severity of fatal and nonfatal injuries between a 90° and continuous roll for tractors equipped with rollover protective structures (ROPS) and not equipped with a ROPS (non- ROPS). In 2002, the Kentucky Farm Tractor Overturn Survey was administered to an 8% random sample (6,063) of Kentucky farm operators. The farmers responded to questions that differentiated between the types of overturns and operator injury outcomes for ROPS-equipped and non-ROPS tractors during overturn events. Overturn characteristics were collected that included 90° to the side, beyond 90° to the side, and to the rear for both ROPS-equipped and non-ROPS tractors.

Results

Of the 541 overturns reported in this study, 535 (99%) of the respondents reported the most recent overturn characteristics of the tractor: 92 (17%) were ROPS-equipped and 443 (83%) were non-ROPS. For side overturns, 67% of the rolls occurred with ROPS-equipped tractors, and 54% occurred with non-ROPS tractors. The percentages of deaths related to rolls to the side for ROPS-equipped and non-ROPS tractors were, respectively, 1.6% and 3.7%. There was one (2%) deaths related to 90° rolls for ROPS-equipped tractors, whereas for continuous rolls there were 6.4% fatalities related to side overturns, 13% resulted in non-fatal injuries with an average of 1 day of hospitalization for ROPS-equipped tractors, and 39% resulted in non-fatal injuries with an average of 18 days of hospitalization for non-ROPS tractors. The results from this study indicated that a ROPS was more effective at stopping an overturn at 90° than no ROPS, with an associated reduction in the severity of injury in the event of a tractor overturn.     

The conspicuity of first-responder safety garments

Introduction

This study compared the conspicuity of three types of first-responder safety garments (NFPA 1971-2007 turnout gear coats, and ANSI/ISEA 107 and 207 safety vests).

Method

Participants drove instrumented vehicles on a closed track during both daytime and nighttime, indicating when they could first detect pedestrians in a simulated emergency response scene. Pedestrians wore one of the safety garments and stood on either side of the emergency scene, facing or perpendicular to oncoming traffic, and either stationary or walking in place.

Results

All three garment standards provided equal levels of conspicuity, in that the distances at which the pedestrians were detected were equivalent. Time of day was a significant factor, with longer mean detection distances being observed in daytime. Pedestrian orientation was significant, with mean detection distances being longest when facing traffic. Pedestrian motion did not result in significant differences in detection distance.

Discussion

The results suggest that all three garment types studied are equivalent in making first responders conspicuous as pedestrians when working an emergency response scene in close proximity to traffic.

Impact on Industry

Whether an NFPA or ANSI/ISEA compliant is worn, first responders are equally likely to be detected by passing motorists, and as such these garments should be considered to be equivalent.     

基坑工程BOTDR分布式光纤监测技术研究

围护体系的加固质量对基坑工程、基坑周边环境和地下管线的变形和稳定性具有重要影响。通过对基坑围护体系和周边环境进行实时、在线监测分析,可掌握基坑变形的发展动态,对基坑失稳破坏进行预警。分布式光纤传感技术与常规监测方法相比具有很大的优越性,如分布式、长距离、实时性和长期稳定性等,可满足基坑工程安全监测和基坑失稳早期预警的要求。本文对布里渊光时域反射计(BOTDR)的测量原理进行了介绍,设计了一套基于BOTDR的新型基坑工程分布式监测系统,详细阐述了工程应用中传感光纤的布设方法、光纤保护和温度补偿技术等。以实际工程为例,对基坑工程分布式变形监测结果进行了分析。监测结果表明,基于BOTDR技术的基坑分布式光纤监测系统能够准确地反映基坑工程的变形情况,具有显著的优越性,可用于基坑工程稳定性的监测和失稳预报。