网络视域下突发事件对旅游目的地形象的影响过程研究

突发事件直接影响旅游目的地形象,关系到目的地的可持续发展。基于网络视域,从旅游者感知角度,建立突发事件影响目的地形象的过程模型。根据突发事件网络传播的效应——信息爆炸效应和舆论聚合效应,将模型分解为对目的地形象的强化过程和反馈过程。突发事件的网络传播会加速目的地形象感知的过程并深化目的地形象感知的内容,从而强化对目的地形象的感知,反馈过程导致目的地形象的调整。分析表明,网络视域下突发事件对目的地形象的影响更加显著。最后总结网络信息时代目的地遭遇突发事件时维护自身形象的策略。     

基于VaR的我国煤炭行业金融安全影响因素分析

从金融科学、安全科学角度,提出煤炭行业金融安全的定义,认为煤炭企业融资和投资过程中的金融安全管理是我国能源安全的重要保证。可以从宏观经济状况、融资状况和投资条件3个方面分析影响煤炭行业金融安全的因素。采用金融安全管理中的VaR风险估价方法将煤炭行业金融安全影响指标进行定量化描述,运用Eviews软件构建误差修正模型分析各个影响指标与煤炭行业金融安全之间的长期、短期经济关系,明确二者之间的影响机制。CPI、资金成本率和借款率对煤炭行业金融安全的短期波动有影响;从长期来看,GDP、资金成本率和借款率指标与煤炭金融安全有着正相关关系,CPI、资产负债率和汇率与煤炭金融安全有着负相关关系。     

Green procurement in Norway; a survey of practices at the municipal and county level

Consumer pressure is usually considered as one of the major drivers for more environmental friendly products. During the last decade an increasing focus on public procurement has emerged as an important contributor to that pressure. In this paper we focus on the role of municipalities and counties in green public procurement. Based on surveys we investigate to what degree green public procurement is implemented in Norwegian municipalities and counties and which capabilities are critical for successful green procurement. We both investigate to what degree environmental information is requested in call for tenders and also to what degree the information is actually used in the final selection of supplier. The information gathered from the municipalities and counties is compared with information obtained from potential suppliers to see if suppliers and purchasers agree on the importance of environmental demands in the selection of suppliers.     

土地征收中公共利益的界定

土地征收中的公共利益在现行立法中的表述具有极大的模糊性,从土地征收、土地征收中界定公共利益的若干原则及可行性方案等几个方面进行论述,以期解决这个司法审查和行政执法中棘手的问题。     

Using citizen science data to identify the sensitivity of species to human land use

Conservation practitioners must contend with an increasing array of threats that affect biodiversity. Citizen scientists can provide timely and expansive information for addressing these threats across large scales, but their data may contain sampling biases. We used randomization procedures to account for possible sampling biases in opportunistically reported citizen science data to identify species’ sensitivities to human land use. We analyzed 21,044 records of 143 native reptile and amphibian species reported to the Carolina Herp Atlas from North Carolina and South Carolina between 1 January 1990 and 12 July 2014. Sensitive species significantly associated with natural landscapes were 3.4 times more likely to be legally protected or treated as of conservation concern by state resource agencies than less sensitive species significantly associated with human‐dominated landscapes. Many of the species significantly associated with natural landscapes occurred primarily in habitats that had been nearly eradicated or otherwise altered in the Carolinas, including isolated wetlands, longleaf pine savannas, and Appalachian forests. Rare species with few reports were more likely to be associated with natural landscapes and 3.2 times more likely to be legally protected or treated as of conservation concern than species with at least 20 reported occurrences. Our results suggest that opportunistically reported citizen science data can be used to identify sensitive species and that species currently restricted primarily to natural landscapes are likely at greatest risk of decline from future losses of natural habitat. Our approach demonstrates the usefulness of citizen science data in prioritizing conservation and in helping practitioners address species declines and extinctions at large extents.     

Post‐acquisition integration processes in publicly owned professional service companies: Senior professional behaviour and company performance

The client relationships and tacit knowledge of professionals are professional service firms' (PSFs') major value creating resources producing challenges in generating post‐merger and acquisition value and risks of reducing the productivity or losing key professionals and their clients. The recent emergence of publicly owned PSFs and rapid growth through consolidating smaller privately owned firms potentially increases this risk by integrating small firms and their professionals into large public companies that may be governed very differently. This study explores post‐acquisition integration processes: professional behaviours and associated performance implications in two highly acquisitive publicly owned accounting companies. In one company, the integration process was rapid and heavily directed by senior management, while in the second company, integration was more gradual, initially undirected but then facilitated by senior management. The findings suggest that integration processes can impact the behaviour of professionals and acquiring firm performance. This research contributes to the understanding of post‐acquisition integration processes in PSFs and decision‐making and professional behaviour in recently emerged publicly owned PSFs. The study contributes to knowledge‐based theory by identifying factors that can affect the decision authority of executives and how organisational behaviour can constrain the implementation of executive integration decisions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The post‐disaster negative health legacy: pregnancy outcomes in Louisiana after Hurricane Andrew

Disasters and displacement increasingly affect and challenge urban settings. How do pregnant women fare in the aftermath of a major disaster? This paper investigates the effect of pregnancies in disaster situations. The study tests a hypothesis that pregnant women residing in hurricane‐prone areas suffer higher health risks. The setting is Louisiana in the Gulf Coast, United States, a state that continually experiences hurricane impacts. The time period for the analysis is three years following the landfall of Hurricane Andrew in 1992. We analysed low birth weight and preterm deliveries before and after landfall, as a whole and by race. Findings support an association between hazards and health of a community and indicate that pregnant women in the affected area, irrespective of race, are more likely to experience preterm deliveries compared to pre‐event births. Results suggest there is a negative health legacy impact in Louisiana as a result of hurricane landfall.     

基于换乘人耐受限的对向公交换乘生存距离模型研究

为揭示对向公交换乘距离与换乘乘客横穿道路的相互关系,约请272名受试者,完成城市公交汽车换乘试验。基于换乘试验统计出横穿马路人数,采用非参数估计方法估计换乘乘客的最大忍耐换乘距离,利用SPSS软件,构建拟合程度最高的对向换乘生存距离二次项函数模型,并对模型的有效性进行验证。结果表明,违规过街行人数随公交换乘距离的增大而增多;生存率随换乘距离的增大呈现"缓慢减小-迅速减小-平缓减小"的变化趋势,换乘距离增加至126 m后,越来越多的乘客难以接受这样的距离;换乘距离相同时,男性相比女性更容易横穿马路;根据构建的对向公交换乘生存距离模型,85%的换乘乘客可接受的换乘距离为124 m,50%的换乘乘客可接受的换乘距离为174 m。     

Limitations of outsourcing on‐the‐ground biodiversity conservation

To counteract global species decline, modern biodiversity conservation engages in large projects, spends billions of dollars, and includes many organizations working simultaneously within regions. To add to this complexity, the conservation sector has hierarchical structure, where conservation actions are often outsourced by funders (foundations, government, etc.) to local organizations that work on‐the‐ground. In contrast, conservation science usually assumes that a single organization makes resource allocation decisions. This discrepancy calls for theory to understand how the expected biodiversity outcomes change when interactions between organizations are accounted for. Here, we used a game theoretic model to explore how biodiversity outcomes are affected by vertical and horizontal interactions between 3 conservation organizations: a funder that outsourced its actions and 2 local conservation organizations that work on‐the‐ground. Interactions between the organizations changed the spending decisions made by individual organizations, and thereby the magnitude and direction of the conservation benefits. We showed that funders would struggle to incentivize recipient organizations with set priorities to perform desired actions, even when they control substantial amounts of the funding and employ common contracting approaches to enhance outcomes. Instead, biodiversity outcomes depended on priority alignment across the organizations. Conservation outcomes for the funder were improved by strategic interactions when organizational priorities were well aligned, but decreased when priorities were misaligned. Meanwhile, local organizations had improved outcomes regardless of alignment due to additional funding in the system. Given that conservation often involves the aggregate actions of multiple organizations with different objectives, strategic interactions between organizations need to be considered if we are to predict possible outcomes of conservation programs or costs of achieving conservation targets.