北方寒冷地区景观水体水质保障技术及对策研究

我国北方地区冬季漫长而寒冷,夏季短暂而温暖,年平均气温低,气温年较差大,开展北方寒冷地区景观水体研究对完善生态系统保护体系及可持续发展具有重要意义。针对北方寒冷地区景观水体环境特征,以牡丹江市南湖水系为例,开展水体水质及水环境特征研究,进行北方寒冷地区景观水体的生态重建与景观修复技术、水资源管理技术、越冬策略研究,并根据工程实践结果,提出北方景观水体水质保障的对策和建议,对北方地区景观水体保护、流域可持续发展具有借鉴意义。     

青南地区城镇污水处理厂综合效率评估分析

青南地区地处青藏高原腹地,是我国多条大江大河发源地,该地区污水处理对下游江河水环境质量改善具有重要意义.对青南地区(玉树、果洛和黄南)污水处理厂的综合效率进行定量评估分析并指出制约其效率提升的因素,对推动该地区污水处理产业的后续发展具有重要意义.因此,本文以青南地区11座城镇污水处理厂为研究对象,利用层次分析法和模糊综合分析法构建的模糊层次分析模型,从技术性能、经济性能、运行管理三个层面选取指标对模型进行量化,评估青南地区各污水处理厂的综合效率.结果表明:污水处理厂的综合得分在80分以上的只有1座,50—80分的有4座,50分以下的有6座,平均得分只有50.88分,表明该区域污水处理厂综合运行效率并不理想.通过实地调研,结合分析各污水处理厂表现较差的指标,发现该地区雨水收集率较低、低温冻裂管网等问题是导致污水处理效率偏低的主要原因.同时,未进行完备的污水处理设施建设与未完成提标改造是导致污水处理厂整体运行效果差等问题的重要原因.因此各污水处理厂应进一步加强设施建设,采取改进措施提高污水处理效率,防止管网等设备破裂导致污水污染环境,节约药费、电耗、人工费等运行费用,进一步提高青南地区污水处理厂的技术性能、运行管理和经济效益.     

湖泊水面温度遥感定量反演研究综述

湖泊水面温度与藻类生长密切相关,通过获取水体表层温度信息来监测湖泊水面温度时空动态变化,对于蓝藻水华预警监控具有重要意义。湖泊水面温度遥感定量反演的理论方法与反演地表、海洋表面温度基本相同。本文在介绍遥感反演地表温度原理的基础上,总结了国内外基于热红外波段反演水体表面温度的单窗算法、劈窗算法、多通道算法等几种常用方法,重点分析了各算法的优缺点和反演的主要难点,并对今后在内陆水体藻华预测顸警等方面的应用趋势进行了展望。     

基于均匀设计的事故再现模型参数敏感性分析

借助参数敏感性分析方法确定那些对事故再现结果有显著影响的参数,进而通过对这些参数进行合理处理则可在花费不大情况下确保再现结果的精度。基于均匀设计并结合回归分析,提出了一种事故再现模型参数敏感性分析方法:该方法首先借助均匀设计寻找到事故再现模型的一阶响应面模型,再借助该响应面模型获得原事故再现模型内参数的敏感性向量。并在此基础上进一步探讨了如何通过该方法获得各输入参数的取值区间及各输入参数在其标称值附近有一定程度扰动时2种情况下参数对计算结果的影响程度。最后给出一数值算例,算例结果表明:笔者方法所得参数敏感性顺序与其他学者研究所得一致。     

环评中不同性质项目工程分析内容的探讨

根据环境影响评价中工程分析篇章的目的及要求,探讨了新建、改扩建、技术改造三种不同建设性质项目的定义,分析了这三类项目工程分析篇章应编写的内容,并重点论述了其中的区别。     

太湖流域污水处理厂升级改造的措施与思考

太湖蓝藻事件的爆发促使了太湖流域污水处理厂大范围的升级改造,升级改造的主要措施有强化生物处理、深度处理等,具体工程措施需要结合水质处理要求、现有处理工艺、经济发展水平等进行比选。升级改造的出水水质需要结合纳污水体的污染现状和环境容量进行合理确定。升级改造过程中需要重视进水水质水量的设计与监控,加强工程投资和运行费用的控制。     

吉林省资源型城市可持续空间重构研究

以典型资源型城市吉林省辽源市为案例,探讨其城市空间结构的现状特征和空间问题;在理论框架分析与经验分析的基础上,从市区和市域两个尺度提出辽源市可持续城市空间结构的优化途径.     

工业事故演变混沌特性研究

混沌与随机是本质上不同的两种特性.区分产生工业事故演变系统的混沌性和随机性是进行工业事故模拟和预测的基础.本文通过对工业事故演变特性进行分析,初步结果表明,工业事故演变具有混沌动力系统的一些特征,提出通过相空间重构及Lyapunov指数来判定工业事故演变的混沌特性.     

The State of Protected Forest Communities in the European Forest–Steppe Zone of Russia and Prospects for Their Reconstruction: A Case Study of Specially Protected Areas of Penza Oblast

The structure of most forest communities in the European forest–steppe, including protected areas, has been disturbed. The adverse consequences of these disturbances include the incomplete age structure of the populations of cenosis-forming species and the irreversibility of successions. The conservation of biodiversity in the structurally disturbed communities is impossible without human intervention, which must be aimed at restoring their age heterogeneity with regard to their specific ecological features.     

LONG-TERM RECONSTRUCTION OF WATER LEVEL CHANGES FOR LAKE ATHABASCA BY ANALYSIS OF TREE RINGS1

ABSTRACT: The fact that dendrochronology can be a useful tool in water resources management is demonstrated by a study of past changes in lake levels. The study was necessitated by the recent (1967) closure of the gates on the W.A.C. Bennett Dam on the Peace River in British Columbia, causing a drop in water levels of Lake Athabasca, the lake levels control water level undulations in a series of smaller lakes which lie in the 1.5 million acre delta area along its western edge in Alberta. The W.A.C. Bennett Dam has by its regulation of the Peace River affected the river's historical role of creating a hydraulic dam during early summer flood stages thereby preventing outflow from Lake Athabasca and inducing annual inundation of the delta area. Because the ecololgy of the lake and adjacent delta region has depended on the now attenuated snow-melt flooding from the Upper Peace River Basin, it became necessary to consider some means of artificially inducing this annual inundation. It was not known, however, what the long-term water level changes were around which the present ecology had developed. Continuous historical lake level records exist only for the period 1935–1967. Was this period one of anomalously high or low water levels? Relatively old white spruce trees growing along natural levees of the channels in the delta region were found to contain tree-ring records that reflected the water stages in the channels. Because the water levels in the channels could be correlated with lake levels, it was possible to use the three-ring series to extend the known 33-year record of lake level changes to 158 years. By using canonical analysis and 10-day mean lake levels for three different subperiods in the 33-year period of calibration, along with tree-ring series from appropriately chosen stands of white spruce, reconstructions were made of the long-term record for late May, early July, and late September. The reconstructed record shows that the May 21–30 lake levels have been three times as variable in the past as in the period of historical record (1935–1967), the July 11–20 levels twice as variable, and the September 21–30 levels 10% less variable. However, the mean water level for each of the three subperiods for the long-term record is very close to the means for the period of historical record. The reconstructed record shows that, before the dam gates were closed, there was only one three-year period (1866–1868) in which the lake levels were as low as they have been since closure of the gates (that is, 1967–1970). (Levels were nearly as low, however, during the period 1942–1945.