有机物料对石灰性土壤磷素形态转化及吸附特性的影响研究

利用石灰性土壤,对猪粪(DR)、夏玉米秸秆(MR)和冬小麦秸秆(WR)单施或者与磷肥混施(在等磷量条件下)对土壤磷的吸附特性及其形态转化进行了为期15周的室内模拟培养研究.结果表明,无论是DR、MR和WR单施,还是有机物料与磷肥混施,都可以减少土壤对磷的吸附量,增加土壤磷的活性,其中有机物料单施处理的用NaHCO3或者NaOH提取的活性无机磷(Pi)和有机磷(Po)提高较大,顺序为:猪粪>夏玉米秸秆>冬小麦秸秆.夏玉米秸秆处理与对照(CK)相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为6 0mg·kg-1,5 6mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为12 7mg·kg-1,而猪粪处理与CK相比NaHCO3提取的Pi、Po增加的量分别为7 1mg·kg-1,5 4mg·kg-1,NaOH提取的Po增加的量为14 1mg·kg-1.通过Langmuir方程求得磷的最大吸附量(b)、磷吸附结合能常数(k)、磷素最大缓冲量(MPBC)、标准需磷量(SPR)的值,进一步说明了3种有机物料均可使土壤对磷的吸附能力降低,增加土壤中磷的活性.     

Risk assessment method of polyethylene dust explosion based on explosion parameters

The explosion characteristic parameters of polyethylene dust were systematically investigated. The variations in the maximum explosion pressure (P_max), explosion index (K_st), minimum ignition energy (MIE), minimum ignition temperature (MIT), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC) of dust samples with different particle sizes were obtained. Using experimental data, a two-dimensional matrix analysis method was applied to classify the dust explosion severity based on P_max and K_st. Then, a three-dimensional matrix was used to categorize the dust explosion sensitivity based on three factors: MIE, MIT, and MEC. Finally, a two-dimensional matrix model of dust explosion risk assessment was established considering the severity and sensitivity. The model was used to evaluate the explosion risk of polyethylene dust samples with different particle sizes. It was found that the risk level of dust explosion increased with decreasing particle size, which was consistent with the actual results. The risk assessment method can provide a scientific basis for dust explosion prevention in the production of polyethylene.     

Effects of exogenous acylated homoserine lactones on biofilms in biofilters for gaseous toluene treatment

● Biofilm formation was enhanced by exogenous AHLs. ● EPS production and microbial adhesive strength of biofilm were promoted. ● Exogenous AHLs improved the performance of biofilters treating toluene. Biofilters are typical biofilm reactors, and they usually have poor biofilm formation resulting in limited reactor performance. Exogenous acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) can enhance biofilm formation in many bioreactors based on quorum sensing regulation. However, their effect on biofilm in biofilters utilized for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal is unknown and needs to be investigated. In this study, the effects of the exogenous AHLs on biofilters for gaseous toluene removal were investigated. Analysis of biofilms in biofilters showed that the addition of exogenous AHLs considerably enhanced biofilm growth; the average biofilm concentration increased by 18%. Furthermore, the average biofilm coverage proportions in biofilters with and without exogenous AHLs were 17 % and 13 %, respectively, demonstrating the positive effect of exogenous AHLs on biofilm coverage. In particular, exogenous AHLs promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances and the microbial adhesive strength of the biofilm. In addition, the exogenous AHLs showed no significant effect on the gaseous toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter. These results show that exogenous AHLs can enhance biofilm formation and can guide the application of exogenous AHLs in VOC biofilters.     

大气污染物排放调查监测研究进展

系统总结了当前大气污染物排放调查监测的主要方法及其在全球、区域、局地等不同尺度的典型应用,分析了地面监测、模型模拟与遥感反演3种方法受排放源多样、成分复杂、时空变异显著等因素影响,在尺度效应、成分解析等方面存在的问题。从优化监测方法、改进监测模式、融合监测技术等角度,提出了构建现代化大气污染物排放调查监测网络、开展污染物在不同排放阶段的变化解析研究及在不同圈层间的迁移全过程研究等建议。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。     

混合液体火灾爆炸危险性——闪点预测与实验研究

支持向量机应用核函数技术,已经成为当前国际上一个研究的热点,由于支持向量机具有良好的理论基础和泛化性能,可将其引入到混合液体闪点预测的研究之中,以期建立准确、高效的预测模型。本文建立了一个基于支持向量机的理论模型,用于预测二元互溶混合液体的闪点。根据所研究混合液体的物理性质,选择了纯物质的粘度、表面张力、配比、燃烧下限等物理参数来表征闪点,以这些参数作为输入参数,二元混合液体的闪点作为输出值,应用支持向量机方法对两者之间的内在定量关系进行模拟。结果表明,闪点预测值与实验值符合良好。本方法的提出为工程上提出了一种预测二元互溶液体闪点的有效方法,可应用于评估混合溶液的火灾爆炸危害性及本质较安全设计。     

再生水水质稳定性评价指标与体系

污水再生利用是缓解水资源短缺的有效手段,水质稳定性是再生水等水资源安全利用的前提,稳定的水质能有效防止腐蚀和结垢的频繁发生,不仅有利于改善水质的感官性状,还能减少二次污染和能源消耗,为推进污水资源化利用,对再生水的水质稳定性进行评价和管理尤为重要.在文献资料调研的基础上,分别总结了化学稳定性和生物稳定性评价指标的特点及...     

太湖水华的遥感分析

随着太湖流域的经济迅速发展,太湖湖体的富营养化程度日趋严重,特别是在20世纪的后期,水华频繁爆发。国家环保总局常规的水质监测是基于21个点位对全湖进行评价,完成一次采样耗时近1月,其对大面积水华现象的监测具有很大的局限性。文章利用遥感技术快速、大尺度、动态监测的特点,基于多个时相的TM影像对太湖的水温、悬浮物、叶绿素等水质参数的浓度和分布进行了遥感反演,进而对太湖水华的成因、发展程度、影响因素等方面进行分析,从而对太湖水华发生的特点,太湖的水质情况有一个全面的了解。     

Spatial analysis of resources and environmental carrying capacity in Iran

Urbanization and mass movement of the population from rural areas and small cities to megacities have led to environmental, economic, and social problems in Iran. In dealing with these challenges, assessing resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is considered an effective method to leverage space and capital to achieve sustainable development. This study aimed to rank the provincial RECC in Iran. Toward this purpose, environmental indices were generated from remotely sensed and statistical census data. Then, the provinces were scored in terms of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacities, and RECC using the mean variance analysis method. Results demonstrated that in most areas, there is no relationship between economic and infrastructural capacities and development. Statistically, a correlation coefficient of −0.53 between economic and environmental carrying capacities indicated excessive use of environmental capacities. Moreover, the spatial distribution pattern of environmental, economic, and infrastructural carrying capacity was entirely heterogeneous between the provinces; there was a northeast–southwest pattern in terms of infrastructural capacity and an economic pattern from north to south. The distribution pattern of RECC is most consistent with the environmental capacity, pointing at the high weight of the indicators of the RECC model. In conclusion, this research offers a new vision for policymakers and provides a theoretical and applicable framework for implementing sustainable strategies in land-use planning. It is recommended that the RECC concept and tools can be used not only for planning but also for measuring the efficiency of spatial development programs and establishing land balances in the region.     

A remote sensing tool for near real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms and turbidity in reservoirs

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) diminish the utility of reservoirs for drinking water supply, irrigation, recreation, and ecosystem service provision. HABs decrease water quality and are a significant health concern in surface water bodies. Near real-time monitoring of HABs in reservoirs and small water bodies is essential to understand the dynamics of turbidity and HAB formation. This study uses satellite imagery to remotely sense chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a), phycocyanin concentrations, and turbidity in two reservoirs, the Grand Lake O′ the Cherokees and Hudson Reservoir, OK, USA, to develop a tool for near real-time monitoring of HABs. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2013 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2020 were used to train and test three different models that include multiple regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Performance was assessed by comparing the three models to estimate chl-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity. The results showed that RFR achieved the best performance, with R² values of 0.75, 0.82, and 0.79 for chl-a, turbidity, and phycocyanin, while multiple regression had R² values of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.46 and SVR had R² values of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.61 on the testing datasets, respectively. This paper examines the potential of the developed open-source satellite remote sensing tool for monitoring reservoirs in Oklahoma to assess spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality.