环境保护最佳实用技术推广思考

根据环境保护最佳实用技术推广工作现状,分析了有利于推广的外部环境和条件,并对加快加强推广工作提出了意见和建议:建立新的推广机制、建立组织保障体系、加强建设信息网络、建立法律支持体系、利用八项管理制度、确保资金投入给予优惠政策等。     

Vegetation monitoring using different scale of remote sensing data

This work sets out to simulate landscape model of Mu Us Desert in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China at different spatial resolution using remote sensing images and distinguished landscape heterogeneity among different spatial resolutions. Landscape models were created from classification image of SPOT satellite data with 20m resolution and NOAA data with 1 km resolution. This study created landscape models of different scales by resampling the SPOT classified image using majority rule. The pixel resolution was increased from the finest scale of 20m by 20m up to 1000m by 1000m that was the coarsest spatial resolution. The Shannon diversity index was used to compare landscape models between different scales. At the finer scale the verify small patches such as deciduous forest, shrub and reedswamp with high vegetation coverage set on matrices with low vegetation cover (moving sand dune and sparse grassland) were verified. Broadening of scale resulted to the loss of small patches and at 1000m resolution, matrix classes were dominant. At 1km resolution of NOAA data, the matrix classes which greatly related to the topography of Mu Us Desert were detected. Diversity index decreased during scale broadening and the difference between SPOT 1km scale model and AVHRR data was not significant. The results showed that SPOT 20m model is good for the use of ecotone oriented revegetation planning, and NOAA 1km model is good for the seasonal and annual monitoring of each landscape unit, and revegetation planning at the regional level.     

基于3S技术的环境污染治理对策论应用模型研究

探讨了基于3S技术的现代空间信息系统支持下的对策论多元合作对策费用分摊策略问题。首先．从对策论基本原理出发，分析了费用分摊对策模型。针对大气环境污染防治多元决策问题，提出了采用3S综合集成技术确定污染源及盛行污染路径、确定污染区域面积和污染损失、污染损失费用分摊分析模型与方法。介绍了模型在大气环境污染防治多元决策领域中的应用实例。3S技术为对策论模型提供科学决策数据，有效地解决对策论应用中的瓶颈问题。     

Landscape dynamitic change in Mu Us Desert derived from Landsat TM data

Landscpae ecology emphasizes large areas and ecological effects of the spatial patterning of ecosystem.Recent developments in landscape ecology emphasized the important relationship between spatial patterns and many ecological processes.Quantitative methods in landscape ecology link spatial patterns and ecological processes at broad spatial and temporal scales.In turn the increased attention on temoral change of ecosystem has highlighted the need for quantitative methods that can analyze patterns.This research applies quantitative methods-change detection to assess the ecosystem temporal change in the arid and semiarid area.Remote sensing offers the temporal change of ecosystem on landscape characteristics.     

高技术产业污染

通过对美、日两国高技术产业污染现状的分析，得出了高技术生产并非清洁的结论，分析了我国高技术污染的现状和其潜在的危害，提出了防止高技术污染的措施。     

激光诱导荧光技术测量大气OH自由基的研究进展

大气氢氧自由基（ＯＨ）是对流层大气中最重要的氧化剂，对酸雨，平流层臭氧的损耗等有重要影响，激光诱导荧光技术是目前测定大气ＯＨ自由基中使用最多的测量方法。文章总结了２０多年来国内外的研究成果，论述了激光诱导荧光技术用于测定大气ＯＨ自由基的基本原理和研究进展，讨论了测量中不确定因素及其对策，并着重介绍了目前最常用的基于气体扩张的低压荧光技术。     

乳状液膜法处理含金属离子废水的研究现状和进展

介绍了液膜分离原理及其工艺流程，重点阐述液膜分离技术在处理含金属离子废水提取稀土金属的研究现状和进展。结果认为，该技术具有高效、快速、节能特点，分离和提取无机金属离子能够达到资源回收和环境保护双重效果。     

石油从泥沙上解吸的特性研究

介绍了一种全新的光电检测方法－透光脉动检测技术，它利用悬浮液颗粒组成的随机脉动变化特性，可以分析和检测出悬浮液中颗粒的聚集状态及其变化情况。将该检测技术用于水处理中的絮凝过程的研究，便成为一种非常有效的方法和手段，可适用于高浊度水，低浊度水，工业废水和污泥脱水等多种水质的絮凝过程及其影响因素的研究中，具有广泛的应用前景。     

煤矿坑口电厂烟气脱硫除尘工艺选择原则

本文分析了我国煤矿坑口电厂的基本特点和目前国内外成熟的烟气脱硫工艺，阐述了坑口电厂烟气净化工艺选择原则。     

First trimester diagnosis of β-thalassaemia in a twin pregnancy

This paper reports the results of first trimester prenatal diagnosis in a twin pregnancy at risk for homozygous β°−thalassaemia (β°−39 mutant). Trophoblast samples from both twins were obtained at 10 weeks gestation with a forceps guided by ultrasound. Trophoblast DNA analysis, carried out with the oligonucleotide technique, revealed that one fetus was homozygous and the other heterozygous for the β−39 mutant. This diagnosis was confirmed at 17 weeks gestation by amniocyte DNA analysis. DNA polymorphism analysis within the α-globin gene provided useful genetic markers for twin differentiation.