四川省清平地区磷矿废渣对水体的影响研究

调查了拟建清平水库周围磷矿所排废渣的情况，弄清了废渣堆放量及分布。绵远河４个断面连续５个月水质监测的数据表明了该地废渣降雨淋溶对河流水质带来了严重的危害。河流沉积物分析表明，由于受磷矿渣的影响，沉积物中Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ｐ、Ｆ超标严重，总磷含量平均高达９８９２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。若不控制磷矿废渣，新建的清平水库必将发生富营养化。     

融冰期与非融冰期水库CO2逸出昼夜变化及CO2分压影响因素研究

以位于黄土高原北洛河流域的南沟水库为研究对象，采用Li-850静态箱法，于融冰期（3月）、非融冰期（5月）对水体CO₂分压（p（CO₂））和水-气界面CO₂逸出（F（CO₂））分别进行了5 d 40次昼夜监测，同时测定了各种水体理化指标，着重对比了水体p（CO₂）在两个时期间的差异和两时期内的昼夜变化特征，系统分析了水体p（CO₂）的影响因素.结果表明：融冰期p（CO₂）（（324.8±59.4）Pa）比非融冰期（（124.9±14.1）Pa）高出近3倍，差异性显著（p<0.05），但两个时期内昼夜p（CO₂）值并无显著性差异（p>0.05）；水体p（CO₂）与水温、pH、叶绿素（Chla）、溶解氧（DO）呈显著负相关，与溶解无机碳（DIC）、溶解有机碳（DOC）呈显著正相关，水体p（CO₂）受流域碳酸盐体系和水温影响最大，相关系数分别达0.92和-0.91，光合呼吸作用的影响其次；研究区小水库F（CO₂）范围为101~1589 g·m^-2·a^-1，是大气持续碳"源"，其平均排放量与个别温带、亚热带小型水库接近，但低于热带水库.     

油藏分隔性的地球化学研究

油藏的分隔性和油层连通性研究为油气成评价的重要内容，当前，油藏描述技术已经成为研究油层连通性的重要手段，但常规的油藏描述只着眼于储层的非均质性，主要研究储层的空间分布规律及其对油层连通性的影响。油藏地球化学研究成果表明，砂层连通体不一定等同于流体选通体，因为油层内可能存在有机隔层，出现“低层连通，油层分隔”的现象，利用地球化学方法可以直接研究油藏内部流体的非均质性，有效地判断油藏的分隔性。本文介绍了应用地球化学方法研究油藏分隔性的理论依据和研究方法，并介绍了几个北海油田的研究实例。     

独木水库水环境分析评价及保护对策

通过对库区逐月水质监测资料的统计分析、评价，研究独木水库水质现状、污染成因、发展趋势和污染物控制，提出解决水环境污染问题的对策，以利于独木水库水资源保护和水环境污染控制规划，充分发挥水库效益。     

陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型研究

建立了陈行水库氨氮完全混合模型,对氨氮浓度进行了模拟预测,并讨论了结论.     

辽宁省白石水库水源防治与保护对策研究

目前，白石水库水质污染严重，具有富营养化趋势，极大地影响了水库工程效益的发挥。针对这种现象。提出了白石水库的水污染防治方案、保护对策和建议。     

大庆水库底栖动物群落调查及生物学评价

对2001-2005年大庆水库的底栖动物进行了生态调查.共观察到4科7属底栖动物,其中:软体动物为1科1属,环节动物为1科2属,水生昆虫为1科3属,甲壳动物为1科1属;底栖动物的密度变化范围为96～880个/平方米;优势种属是前突摇蚊属(Procladicus)和摇蚊属(Chironomus).运用生物学污染指数(BPI-Biology Pollution Index)来评价大庆水库水质,评价结果表明:BPI指数变化范围为0.73～0.82,水质属于β中污染水体,五年之间的水污染程度变化不明显,而且水质逐年有略微好转的倾向;平水期的水质略好于丰水期的水质.     

大型水利工程对京津地区环境的影响——以密云、官厅水库为例

本文阐述了京津大型水利工程的概况和特点,并以密云、官厅两座大型水库为例,论证其环境影响。依据本文收集的大量数据分析,证明大型水利工程对京津生态环境起到了保护与改善的作用。     

Utility of check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in ground water and the resultant analysis of blood serum and urine of villagers,Anantapur District,Andhra Pradesh,India

High levels of fluoride (beyond 1.5 ppm) in ground water as source of drinking water are common in many parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, causing fluorosis. The study carried out in endemic Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, has indicated that the fluoride-rich ground water present in the wells located down stream and close to the surface water bodies is getting diluted by the low-fluoride surface water. Encouraged by this result, check dams were constructed upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride bearing ground water zones in Anantapur District to reduce fluoride levels as an alternate solution for safe drinking water.In this paper, an attempt is made to study the utility and effect of these check dams in dilution of fluoride concentration in drinking water and its resultant impact on the health aspects of certain villagers of Anantapur District through the analysis of their blood serum and urine. Ground water samples from three fluoride-affected villages, blood and urine of males and females from the same villages were collected and analyzed for fluoride using ion selective electrode method. The results indicated that the fluoride levels in blood serum and urine of males in the age group of 5–11 years are found to be the highest. The concentration of fluoride in ground water is directly proportional to the concentration of fluoride in blood serum and urine. The concentration of fluoride in ground water with depth of the aquifer is a function of lithology, amount and duration of rainfall, rate of infiltration, level of ground water exploitation in the area etc. The construction of check dams upstream of the identified marginally high fluoride waters will not only cause additional recharge of ground water but also reduces the fluoride concentration eventually improving the health of the villagers.     

Ecology of Chytridiomycosis in Rainforest Stream Frog Assemblages of Tropical Queensland

Abstract:  In the wet tropics of Queensland, Australia, eight species of stream-dwelling frogs have experienced population declines. Some declines were associated with an emerging infectious disease of amphibians (chytridiomycosis) caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We examined the spatial and temporal pattern of infection prevalence in a sample of frog populations. Infected adults and tadpoles of all species were found, and infections occurred at every site. Infection prevalence varied among species and was always < 10.0% in adults but ranged from 0.75 to 76.0% in tadpoles. In this system tadpoles and adults of some species may act as disease reservoirs, experiencing avirulent infections, whereas other hosts (declining species) experience virulent infections. Infection prevalence was higher during the cool, dry winter season (May to September) and at high elevations (600–800 m), suggesting regulation by environmental conditions, including temperature and precipitation. We found no relationships between infection prevalence and mean body condition, fluctuating asymmetry of hind limbs, population density, or the presence of metamorphosing tadpoles and juvenile frogs. Although it is not certain whether chytridiomycosis was responsible for past frog population declines in the wet tropics of Queensland, the pathogen is now endemic. Our data indicate that at the landscape level, environmental conditions have strong effects on host-pathogen dynamics. These effects interact with species-specific behavior or immune function and may be important underlying determinants of chytridiomycosis epizootics and emergence.