铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案研究

为了对铁路连续梁桥减隔震设计方案进行对比研究,基于通用有限元软件SAP2000,以某三跨铁路连续梁桥为例,建立该桥的全桥有限元模型。对该桥采用铅芯橡胶支座进行减隔震设计,在7条典型地震波激励下对2种设计方案的减隔震效果进行计算分析,并将2种方案的结果进行比较。结果表明,2种隔震方案都能取得较好的隔震效果,但全桥隔震时制动墩地震响应隔震率优于制动墩隔震,且全桥隔震时梁体位移小于制动墩隔震。对铁路连续梁桥进行全桥减隔震设计,可以在较小梁体位移的前提下得到较好的隔震率,更有利于桥梁上部结构的安全。     

足尺钢桁架连梁恢复力模型试验研究

对4个足尺的钢桁架连梁模型进行了低周反复荷载试验,研究了结构的破坏形态、滞回性能。利用试验数据进行回归分析,建立了骨架曲线恢复力模型;对滞回曲线进行了分析,研究了连梁的刚度退化规律,建立了循环荷载作用下结构的恢复力模型。模型和试验曲线较为吻合,可用于结构的弹塑性分析。     

Filyos River Streamflow Reconstruction from Tree‐Ring Chronologies with Nonparametric Approaches

The article presents nonparametric methods based on K nearest neighbors (KNNs), modified KNNs, and local polynomial techniques to reconstruct streamflow ensembles from tree‐ring data in Filyos River region (Turkey). Three methods were tested using cross‐validation for the overlap period, 1963‐1997 for which the tree‐ring and streamflow data are available. It was found that for the study where the length of the overlap period was limited, a nonparametric method based on a local polynomial technique provides simulations that have a slightly better solution than the other methods. After verification using standard statistical techniques, these methods were utilized to develop streamflow reconstructions from tree‐ring data for the paleo‐hydrologic period (1657‐1963). These reconstructions of seasonal low and high flows were discussed with the obtained flood duration curve. They were also compared with the historical archives and other tree‐ring reconstructions data available in the same river. Overall, the utility and limitations of these methods and the resulting streamflow simulations were discussed to assess the long‐term discharge behavior of Filyos River and to evaluate water supply reliability.     

The determination of partition coefficients of organic compounds in technical products and waste waters for the estimation of their bioaccumulation potential using reversed phase thin layer chromatography

Reversed phase thin layer chromatography (RPTLC) has been investigated for the estimation of octanol/water partition coefficients (P), an important parameter for the prediction of the environmental behaviour of organic chemicals. A strong correlation between P derived from the traditional octanol/water system and RPTLC has been established over five orders of magnitude. RPTLC data are likewise correlated to results obtained by high performance chromatography (HPLC). Due to the low costs, simplicity and separation power RPTLC is especially suited for the investigation and screening of mixtures of compounds before more complicated tests are involved.

Results from a round robin test on the determination of partition coefficients by HPLC, RPTLC and the batch method indicate the simplicity and accuracy of the RPTLC technique. Applications of the RPTLC‐technique on technical products and industrial waste waters are described.     

高强与高性能混凝土的收缩与开裂

高强与高性能混凝土胶结料用量较多,砂率较大,粗骨料用量相对较少,因此若处理不妥易出现混凝土早期开裂现象.通过圆环法试验,研究分析高强与高性能混凝土易于开裂的原因及主要影响因素,对商品泵送混凝土配合比的优化提出了建议.同时采用不同的混凝土收缩变形公式进行计算并将计算值与试验值进行了对比,探讨了适合于高强与高性能混凝土收缩变形的实用计算公式.     

考虑脆性损伤和渗流的圆形水工隧洞稳定性分析

为获得更准确的隧洞围岩塑性范围和力学特征,基于非线性脆性损伤和统一强度理论,考虑渗流场和中间主应力系数,推导出隧洞围岩弹塑性应力和塑性范围表达式。通过算例分析,得出渗透比（围岩与衬砌渗透系数之比）等相关参数对隧洞塑性范围和应力的影响规律。研究结果表明:隧洞切向应力具有不连续性,在衬砌、塑性区交界处及弹塑性交界处均发生突变;随渗透比和围岩脆性程度的增大,围岩塑性半径逐渐增大,塑性区切向应力逐渐减小;中间主应力系数越大,围岩塑性半径越小,塑性区切向应力越大。采用注浆加固圈进行支护,可有效地降低围岩渗透性,减小塑性范围。研究成果可为水工隧洞支护设计和稳定性分析提供一定的理论指导。     

电子束深度氧化烟气净化技术

介绍电子束烟气净化技术的特点 ,对传统电子束法与深度氧化法的反应原理、工艺流程进行了比较及分析 ,实验结果表明 ,电子束深度氧化烟气净化技术能耗低、可靠性高 ,是一种具有广阔工业应用前景的环保新技术。     

红壤丘陵区县域农林复合生态经济系统健康评价

在分析生态经济系统健康特征和指标筛选原则的基础上,构建了一套适合于县域尺度生态经济系统健康诊断指标体系。并运用层次分析法,采用了精度较高的均方差法确定指标权重,运用递阶多层次综合法和线性加权函数法建立了时间尺度上的农林复合生态系统综合评价模型,以县为单元,研究了红壤丘陵区县域多年农林复合生态经济系统健康情况。研究结果表明：研究区1980~2005年生态经济综合健康稳定水平呈逐年上升趋势,经济健康性方面是逐年平稳上升,社会健康性是波动性上升,而资源环境健康性则是先升后降,然后是相对稳定。引入障碍度概念,进行健康障碍诊断。分析结果表明1991年以前障碍因子主要是经济指标,1997年后障碍因子主要是资源环境指标。     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

树木年轮年代学及其在环境研究中的应用概况

本文简述了树木年轮年代学中的一些基本概念及近年来树木年轮分析在检测大气CO_2浓度变化,植物对大气CO_2增多反应和空气污染变化等领域的研究情况.