木制家具生产行业的职业危害与个体防护

通过对木制家具生产工艺流程及加工过程的调研分析,归纳出木粉尘、噪声、有机挥发物、机械伤害等10种主要危害因素,将各种危害因素对安全健康的影响和致病形式进行总结,并对木制家具生产企业进行现场调查。指出企业在职业危害防护措施方面的欠缺与不足,同时对木制家具生产行业职业危害的防护措施、个体防护装备的选用以及防护装备使用中的注意事项进行说明。研究认为,木制家具生产行业中危害因素多且危害程度严重,安监部门应加强对企业的监督管理,企业应为职工提供有效防护措施和个体防护装备。     

汉江流域水权初始配置模型研究

水权管理的关键和难点是水权的初始分配。做好初始水权的分配,能够促进水资源的优化配置,达到以水资源的可持续利用支持国民经济和社会的可持续发展。根据水权初始分配有效性、公平性、可持续性发展的原则,分析了水权初始分配的主要影响因素,主要是经济发展、用水效益、平均分水、现状用水、水源地优先、生态环境以及社会发展;构建了水权初始分配的层次结构图;采用多目标半结构性模糊优选模型研究流域水权初始分配,该模型根据人的经验知识量化原理确定定性指标的相对优属度和各指标的目标权重,为确保模型的实用性,目标值重要性比较时采取了专家咨询手段;定量指标则根据实际情况采用越大越优型的相对优属度公式或越小越优型相对优属度公式。     

Selecting safer building products in practice

In recent years the green building movement has focused increased attention on chemical hazards in building products and the need to select safer alternatives. This paper describes a number of tools available to architects and other building professionals and explores the product evaluation process behind one resource, BuildingGreen’s GreenSpec directory, as a window into the imperfect reality of alternatives assessment in the building design field.     

Need for multiscale planning for conservation of urban bats

For over a century there have been continual efforts to incorporate nature into urban planning. These efforts (i.e., urban reconciliation) aim to manage and create habitats that support biodiversity within cities. Given that species select habitat at different spatial scales, understanding the scale at which urban species respond to their environment is critical to the success of urban reconciliation efforts. We assessed species–habitat relationships for common bat species at 50‐m, 500‐m, and 1 km spatial scales in the Chicago (U.S.A.) metropolitan area and predicted bat activity across the greater Chicago region. Habitat characteristics across all measured scales were important predictors of silver‐haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) and eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) activity, and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) activity was significantly lower at urban sites relative to rural sites. Open vegetation had a negative effect on silver‐haired bat activity at the 50‐m scale but a positive effect at the 500‐m scale, indicating potential shifts in the relative importance of some habitat characteristics at different scales. These results demonstrate that localized effects may be constrained by broader spatial patterns. Our findings highlight the importance of considering scale in urban reconciliation efforts and our landscape predictions provide information that can help prioritize urban conservation work.     

对2003年春季陕西省沙尘暴、扬沙天气的分析

通过对2003年春季天气气候背景和天气气候变化的研究,指出2003年春季陕西沙尘暴、扬沙明显减少是由高空纬向环流偏强、径向环流偏弱和前期降水偏多共同所致.     

医院污水处理站设计研究

以淇县人民医院污水处理站实际生产工艺流程为研究对象,全面考察了污水处理采用预处理+格栅+调节池+缺氧好氧工艺+絮凝沉淀+过滤+二氧化氯消毒工艺,污泥处理采用污泥浓缩+压滤脱水工艺的工作性能.同时系统介绍了各个处理单元的功能和设计要点,为工艺推广应用提供直接的设计依据.在此基础上,对医院污水收集、污水处理工艺选择、污水处理设施选择以及处理设施运行管理等方面进行了总结探讨.     

脱硫控制系统的选型

结合石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫控制系统的特点,通过比较DCS和PLC两种系统控制器的处理能力、数据通信、组态维护、人机交换装置、安全性以及发展方向等,给出了脱硫控制系统选型建议。     

Outdoor and indoor cadmium distributions near an abandoned smelting works and their relations to human exposure

The relationship of measured or modelled Cd concentrations in soil, house dust and available to plants with human urinary Cd concentrations were assessed in a population living around a Cd/Pb/Zn smelter in the UK. Modelled air concentrations explained 35% of soil Cd variation indicating the smelter contributed to soil Cd loads. Multi-variate analysis confirmed a significant role of biological and life-style factors in determining urinary Cd levels. Significant correlations of urinary Cd with soil, house dust and modelled plant available Cd concentrations were not, however, found. Potential reasons for the absence of clear relationships include limited environmental contact in urban populations; the role of undefined factors in determining exposure; and the limited spatial scope of the survey which did not sample from the full pollution gradient. Further, the absence of any significant relationship indicates that environmental measures provide limited advantage over atmospheric model outputs for first stage human exposure assessment.     

虾池环境生物修复作用菌的分离与筛选

为修复对虾养殖环境,从山东各地虾池底泥中分离出331株细菌,通过测定其对对虾饵料降解能力,筛选到虾池有机污染物降解菌10株,这些菌能以对虾饣料为唯一碳源和氮源生长,对对虾配合饵料和蛤蜊肉具有较强降解能力（72h内CODMn去除率分别在60％和70％以上）,并可在虾池环境条件下良好生长,对养殖动物安全性试验证明,这些菌株对养殖对虾没有致病作用,且其中6株可提高对虾的成活率,这些降解菌具有快速消除虾池底部有机污染、修复对虾养殖环境的潜力。     

年度城市环境事件评选:方法、评析及启示

政府和民众对于城市环境事件的关注越来越高,树立典型是激励良性发展的有效手段。为了提高年度城市环境事件评选的科学性和合理性,本文提出定量和定性相结合的评选方法,包含事件收集、事件筛选、事件评定三个阶段。在此基础上,对2016年度中国城市环境保护十大事件进行了评选,无锡、贵溪、三亚、珠海的案例分别代表了水、土、气、生4个专项领域环境治理和保护的先进典型;杭州、深圳、三沙的案例分别体现了以大型赛事活动为契机开展城市综合环境整治的先进经验,以及市场化的治理手段和生态技术对于城市综合治理的重要性;上海(崇明)、重庆、鄂尔多斯(库布齐地区)代表了因地制宜的区域生态文明发展模式。通过案例分析,得出如下启示:提升环境治理成效应该兼顾责任制、市场化、民主化的管理模式创新和各种技术创新;生态环境要素应该被视为城市发展的新兴增长点;城市环境保护行为具有发展和再分配双重属性,环保行为的发展属性仍有待于继续普及,而先行城市应该借鉴典型经验,积极探索通过环境保护实现经济发展的新模式。