武汉市耕地非农化的空间非均衡发展与空间扩散路径分析

在5 期时间跨度20 多年的武汉市土地利用数据基础上,利用ArcGIS 的空间统计和空间分析功能,拟合出武汉市耕地非农化的空间洛仑兹曲线并制作了基于耕地非农化速度分级的重心曲线,结合统计数据分析耕地非农化扩散路径及其与经济、人口重心曲线变化的相关关系。研究结果表明:①武汉市是个典型的单中心城市,其耕地分布不均衡,耕地非农化仍是在围绕城市中心进行,耕地非农化在乡镇级别上是非均衡发展的,但非均衡程度在逐年减缓;②基于耕地非农化速度分级的耕地非农化重心曲线表明,耕地非农化速度快的点到速度慢的点的密度有逐步降低的趋势,并且速度快的点到速度慢的点还有向外围扩散的趋势;③武汉市耕地非农化扩散路径、GDP重心变化路径和人口重心变化路径在移动方向上大体上都符合在南北向是向北,转而向南又复向北;而在东西向是先向西然后向东,武汉市的耕地非农化与经济和人口的相关性表明武汉市的耕地非农化在空间上是有序发展的。研究结果能较好地揭示武汉市耕地非农化的空间非均衡发展状况,实现了武汉市耕地非农化空间非均衡发展的可视化,反映了武汉市耕地非农化、经济和人口之间的关系。     

基于环境风险评价的危险品道路运输优化选线

张家港市拥有我国唯一的内河港保税区,区内化工产业密集,大量危险品在城市道路网上形成一个个“移动危险源”.本文系统分析了张家港市危险品道路运输过程中发生泄漏事故的风险:识别了道路网上危险品运输分布;提出了基于城市道路的泄漏事故率修正系数;运用ALOHA模型模拟事故情景、GIS计算影响区域长度和面积;从人口暴露和环境污染两方面构建风险评价模型并作为优化选线指标.基于上述基础,将风险评价模型应用于危险品道路运输网GIS平台,进行网络模块分析.结果表明,起迄点间路径的风险指数最小为14.12,该路径为最优路径,为张家港市危险品道路运输选线提供科学决策支持.     

Dijkstra算法在确定矿井通风最大阻力路线中的应用

矿井通风最大阻力路线的确定,是矿井通风系统设计及改造的主要任务之一。对Dijkstra算法进行研究、改造,使其适用于求解矿井通风最大阻力路线,并根据该算法编写了计算机程序,将其应用于典型风网,获得了正确的结果。Dijkstra算法的引入为确定最大阻力路线提出了一种新的方法,同时计算机的应用也提高了计算的效率及准确性。     

级联失效特性下的危险品运输路径选择研究

基于复杂网络的级联失效特性,构建危险品运输网络的级联失效模型,提出用路段重要度来度量某条路段上发生危险品事故后引起网络其他路段失效的规模。以路径风险最小化和路径总重要度最小化为目标,建立危险品运输路径的多目标决策模型,并利用标号法进行求解。算例结果表明,危险品运输网络确实存在级联失效现象。选择危险品运输路径时,应尽量避开重要度高的路段,以降低危险品事故对普通道路网络的不良交通影响。     

基于气象服务信息的应急物资配送路径选择

为构建科学的应急救援体系,基于气象服务信息制定更合理的应急物资配送路径方案。将突发灾害下典型的"单出救点、单受灾点"应急物资配送网络结构作为研究对象。运用衰减系数反映气象条件对物资配送速度的实时影响。构建以满足时间限制和需求量要求为前提的应急物资配送路径选择模型。设计算例进行数值仿真和参数分析,将求解结果与传统最短路径法所选路径方案进行对比分析。结果表明:气象服务提供的衰减系数和途经各区域灾害强度等关键信息对配送路径的优化决策有重要影响。     

含铬废渣填埋场渗滤液污染地下水问题实例分析

结合工程实例叙述了含铬废渣填埋场地的选择．并建立针对填埋场地下水污染问题的数学预测模型,利用该模型对填埋场渗滤液污染地下水进行计算与分析。结果表明,选择合适的填埋场不仅工程措施简单,工程投资少,而且对地下水的污染甚微,能够更好地满足填埋要求。     

基于三角模糊熵-理想点法的LNG接收站选址评价模型研究

为了对LNG接收站选址进行科学评价,综合考虑了环境、政策、交通及经济4方面因素,选取自然条件、安全性及城市发展规划等14个指标作为LNG接收站选址评价指标体系;结合三角模糊熵组合赋权法确定评价指标权重,根据理想点法原理计算理想点贴近度,得到LNG接收站选址评价结果;构建了基于三角模糊熵-理想点法的评价模型,并进行评价模型实例应用。实例应用结果表明:该评价模型的评价结果与LNG接收站选址论证单位的比选结果相一致,验证了该评价模型的可行性和合理性以及评价方法的有效性。该方法为LNG接收站选址评价提供了1种新的思路。     

基于多因素出口选择的建筑疏散指示优化设计

建筑疏散指示标志关系到人们的生命安全,为了寻找一种更为有效的引导疏散的思路,实现紧急疏散时合理、有效地引导人员逃生,提出了以疏散人员到出口的距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择模式作为建筑疏散指示标志的设计规则;研究了仅考虑距离因素选择出口时疏散人员分配失衡的现象,展示了以人员到出口的距离、出口宽度、出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择引导模式对建筑疏散的优化效果。研究结果表明:根据距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素来确定疏散指示标志设计的规则,避免了人员密集建筑场所“就近出口”带来的不利因素,实现了疏散资源的高效利用。     

Selection of poly(R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid utilising bacteria by enrichment,optimisation and compatibility testing for consortia development

Bacterial strains with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation potential were isolated from waste yard soil samples of selected industrial sites in Uttarakhand, India, and two microbial consortia were developed, i.e. Consortium I comprises Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb10, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb11 and Bacillus sp. strain Rb18, and Consortium II is composed of Lysinibacillus sp. strain Rb1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb13 and Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb19. The current study involved enrichment selection via liquid and semi-solid media, followed by isolation and screening of bacterial strains using PHB pellets and films. Furthermore, the identification and characterisation was done by triphasic approach. The utilisation of PHB by the characterised strains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of solubilised PHB was found to be 2.5?mg/mL, which was detected through ‘clear zone assay’. Further, the selection and biocompatibility testing of potential isolates were performed for the formation of bacterial consortia. Thus, the present work would provide direct and standardised protocol for screening and selection of potential microbiomes for biodegradation of polymers by overcoming the negative effect of organic solvents. Moreover, indigenously developed consortia would be evaluated for their in situ biodegradation potential against various bioplastic films.     

Evaluating surrogates of genetic diversity for conservation planning

Protected-area systems should conserve intraspecific genetic diversity. Because genetic data require resources to obtain, several approaches have been proposed for generating plans for protected-area systems (prioritizations) when genetic data are not available. Yet such surrogate-based approaches remain poorly tested. We evaluated the effectiveness of potential surrogate-based approaches based on microsatellite genetic data collected across the Iberian Peninsula for 7 amphibian and 3 reptilian species. Long-term environmental suitability did not effectively represent sites containing high genetic diversity (allelic richness). Prioritizations based on long-term environmental suitability had similar performance to random prioritizations. Geographic distances and resistance distances based on contemporary environmental suitability were not always effective surrogates for identification of combinations of sites that contain individuals with different genetic compositions. Our results demonstrate that population genetic data based on commonly used neutral markers can inform prioritizations, and we could not find an adequate substitute. Conservation planners need to weigh the potential benefits of genetic data against their acquisition costs.