淮安市生活垃圾处理方案的优选

运用层次分析法对淮安市生活垃圾分选工艺从技术、经济、环境社会效益的角度进行对比优选,确定适合现阶段淮安市城市生活垃圾的分选工艺,为政府决策提供依据。     

Covariation between eumelanic pigmentation and body mass only under specific conditions

Identifying the factors that mediate covariation between an ornament and other phenotypic attributes is important to determine the signaling function of ornaments. Sign and magnitude of a covariation may vary across environments if the expression of the ornament or of its linked genes regulating correlated phenotypes is condition-dependent. I investigated in the barn owl Tyto alba whether sign and magnitude of covariation between body mass and two heritable melanin-based plumage ornaments change with food supply, along the reproductive cycle and from the morning to the evening. Using a dataset of 1,848 measurements of body mass in 336 breeding females, I found that females displaying large black spots were heavier than conspecifics with smaller spots in the afternoon (i.e., a long time after the last feeding) but not in the morning (i.e., a short time after the last feeding). This is consistent with the recently proposed hypothesis that eumelanin-based ornaments are associated with the ability to maintain energy balance between food intake and energy expenditure. Thus, covariation between melanin-based coloration and body mass can be detected only under specific conditions potentially explaining why it has been reported in only ten out of 28 vertebrate species. The proposition that ornamented individuals achieve a higher fitness than drab conspecifics only in specific environments should be tested for other ornaments.     

城市生活垃圾收运路线优化的数学模型与算法

给出了城市生活垃圾收运路线优化问题的一般描述,考虑时间窗、车容量等约束,以收运路线总行程最短为目标。建立了该优化问题的数学模型。设计了求解谊问题的单一组合邻域搜索算法。随机邻域搜索算法和变邻域搜索算法三种类型的邻域搜索算法。通过对多组算例的求解实验,结果表明变邻域搜索算法的优化效果明显优于其余类型的邻域搜索算法。     

结合重心法和层次分析法研究垃圾转运站选址

将重心法和层次分析法结合起来研究农村生活垃圾转运站选址问题,首先分析农村生活垃圾产生量及分布,采用重心法对转运站进行初始选址,得出备选地址,然后运用层次分析法对备选地址进行筛选,得到最佳选址方案。与传统选址方法相比,该方法不仅考虑了费用,还综合考虑了影响选址的环境效益、基础条件、法律法规等因素,因此得到的结果更贴近实际。将该方法应用于南方某农村,得到了满意的选址方案。     

建设项目选址的大气环境适宜性量化研究

随着经济的发展,建设项目选址不合理导致的大气环境问题日益凸显。文章分析了建设项目选址的大气环境适宜性问题,提出了大气环境适宜性的计算方法,并以济南市某建设项目为例进行了具体应用。该研究可用于修正历史上形成的项目不合理选址,也可用于引导新建项目合理选址,利于大气环境持续利用和经济持续发展。     

浅谈景星镇新农村生态建设中绿化树种选择

以"村容整洁"为核心的村庄绿化是新农村生态建设重要内容。绿化树种选择应优先选择乡土树种,兼顾经济、环境效益与景观的统一。     

赤泥及粉煤灰处理磷石膏堆场废水的方案筛选及评价

采用L9（3^4）的正交设计法,以可溶性正磷酸盐下降率及pH值上升率为评定指标,对赤泥及粉煤灰处理磷石膏堆场废水的优化方案进行筛选。实验结果表明,降低可溶性磷酸盐含量的最佳方案为赤泥1．60g,粉煤灰0．80g,水样100ml,时间4d。提高pH的最佳方案为赤泥1．60g,粉煤灰0．40g,水样100ml,时间3d。     

An evaluation of environmental factors affecting species distributions

Many different models can be built to explain the distributions of species. Often there is no single model that is clearly better than the alternatives, and this leads to uncertainty over which environmental factors are limiting species’ distributions. We investigated the support for different environmental factors by determining the drop in model performance when selected predictors were excluded from the model building process. We used a paired t-test over 37 plant species so that an environmental factor was only deemed significant if it consistently improved the results for multiple species. Geology and winter minimum temperatures were found to be the environmental factors with the most support, with a significant drop in model performance when either of these factors was excluded. However, there was less support for summer maximum temperature, as other environmental factors could combine to produce similar model performance. Our method of evaluating environmental factors using multiple species will not be capable of detecting predictors that are only important for one or two species, but it is difficult to distinguish these from spurious correlations. The strength of the method is that it increases inference for factors that consistently affect the distributions of many species. We discourage the assessment of models against predefined benchmarks, such as an area under the curve (AUC) of more than 0.7, as many alternative models for the same species produce similar results. Therefore, the benchmarks do not provide any indication of how the performance of the selected model compares to alternative models, and they provide weak inference to accept any selected model.     

废弃钻井液微生物降解菌室内筛选研究

针对川渝地区废弃钻井液成分复杂、污染危害大的特点,提出利用微生物法处理废弃钻井液的方法。通过菌株分离、菌株筛选、菌株对废弃钻井液的降解利用实验筛选出8株降解菌株,进行了废弃钻井液的降解利用情况研究,表明筛选出的降解菌株均能够以废弃钻井液为唯一碳源,具备了快速分解废弃钻井液的能力。