我国城市污水厂污泥处置途径的选择

分析了我国城市污水厂的污泥特性，结合当前的污染处置技术及其发展趋势，根据国情，提出了近期以及农用为主，填埋，焚烧为补以，面向未来的污泥处置的技术。     

The ecological basis for simulating phytoplankton responses to environmental change (PROTECH)

The theory and mathematical development of a model, called PROTECH, are presented. The model simulates the dynamic responses of up to eight species of phytoplankton to environmental variability in lakes and reservoirs. PROTECH models were developed originally to fulfil a commercial, decision-support role in the management of industrial water quality, where plankton growth is an issue. The progressive refinements to the model nevertheless have a robust ecological basis. This makes PROTECH a promising tool for researching plankton community ecology. The model calculates exponents describing growth and attrition, from a base of the maximum growth rates of algal species in culture. Subject to defined thresholds, growth integrates variability in the fluxes of light and nutrients. The paper develops this philosophy and its embodiment into the structure of the model. Examples of its authenticated, validated and sensitivity-tested outputs are presented.     

龙凤山本底站大气CO2数据筛分及浓度特征研究

针对黑龙江龙凤山区域大气本底站2009年1月～2011年12月低层(离地10 m)和高层(离地80 m)大气CO2在线观测数据,选取低层数据重点开展研究,分析地面风向和风速等因素对观测CO2浓度的影响.结果表明,龙凤山低层大气CO2浓度明显受局地源汇影响,其与高层观测结果差异在白天08:00～17:00相对较小,小于(0.5±0.5)×10-6(物质的量比).春、夏和秋这3个季节E-ESE-SE-SSE扇区来向的地面风会明显抬升大气CO2浓度,而冬季N-NNW-NW-WNW扇区CO2浓度明显较高.该站4个季节近地面CO2浓度随着风速增大而逐渐减小,在冬季尤为明显.结合日变化及地面风的影响,对低层观测数据进行初步本底/非本底筛分,筛选出代表东北区域混合均匀CO2水平的本底数据占总数据的30.7%.本底CO2浓度季节变化显示该站大气CO2浓度呈现冬季高夏季低的趋势,季振幅约为(36.3±1.4)×10-6,明显大于同期WMO/GAW同纬度站点观测结果,2009～2011年龙凤山大气CO2平均增长率为2.4×10-6a-1.     

节能减排的现状分析及其路径选择

处理好发展经济与保护环境的关系,尤其是项目建设与节能减排的关系,这是实现可持续发展的关键。近年来,一些地区和城市,把节能减排作为促进科学发展的重要手段,推进经济可持续发展,取得了可喜的成绩。但是,也存在着不少障碍。在肯定对节能减排初见成效的基础上,对节能减排障碍进行了剖析,为了加大节能减排与环境保护力度,阐述了国家节能减排的行业政策,提出了节能减排的十项路径选择。     

构建我国环境责任保险模式的理性思考

环境责任保险是通过责任风险社会化解决环境污染损害赔偿问题的有效方式之一.通过借鉴其他国家的经验,分析这一制度在我国实际实行的困境和原因,提出一个符合国情的环境责任保险模式架构.     

煤气爆炸危险场所防爆电气设备选型

介绍了煤气爆炸危险场所的区域划分,说明了电气设备的防爆标志包括防爆型式、类别、级别和温度组别4个部分,对煤气场所防爆电气设备进行了选型,以防止电气火花的形成,减小煤气生产场所的爆炸危险.     

Selection of both habitat and genes in specialized and endangered caribou

Genetic mechanisms determining habitat selection and specialization of individuals within species have been hypothesized, but not tested at the appropriate individual level in nature. In this work, we analyzed habitat selection for 139 GPS-collared caribou belonging to 3 declining ecotypes sampled throughout Northwestern Canada. We used Resource Selection Functions comparing resources at used and available locations. We found that the 3 caribou ecotypes differed in their use of habitat suggesting specialization. On expected grounds, we also found differences in habitat selection between summer and winter, but also, originally, among the individuals within an ecotype. We next obtained Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for the same caribou individuals, we detected those associated to habitat selection, and then identified genes linked to these SNPs. These genes had functions related in other organisms to habitat and dietary specializations, and climatic adaptations. We therefore suggest that individual variation in habitat selection was based on genotypic variation in the SNPs of individual caribou, indicating that genetic forces underlie habitat and diet selection in the species. We also suggest that the associations between habitat and genes that we detected may lead to lack of resilience in the species, thus contributing to caribou endangerment. Our work emphasizes that similar mechanisms may exist for other specialized, endangered species.