建立安全生产长效机制应加强安全文化建设

安全文化建设是生产经营单位建立安全生产长效机制的基础，是实现建设小康社会发展目标的保证。本文对市场经济条件下，就加大安全文化建设进行了初步探讨，提出了进一步加强安全文化建设力度的建议，并指出安全文化建设是落实安全生产责任制的重要组成部分。     

Evaluating the Potential for Conservation Development: Biophysical, Economic, and Institutional Perspectives

Abstract:  The widespread conversion of rural land to low-density residential development poses an immediate threat to biodiversity and to the provision of ecosystem services. Given that development will continue and environmental stakes are high, analyzing alternative growth strategies is critical. Conservation development is one such strategy that has the potential to benefit ecosystems and diverse stakeholders including developers, homebuyers, governments, and society as a whole. Conservation development clusters homes on one part of a property to manage the most ecologically important land for the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. We draw on lessons learned from landscape ecology, open-space development, and regional planning to weigh the biophysical, economic, and institutional evidence for and against conservation development. Conservation development offers many potential environmental and economic advantages: relatively high home values and appreciation rates, lower development costs, and social and ecological benefits to society including landscape connectivity, protection and active stewardship of important ecological assets, and the maintenance of ecosystem services. But this approach also has shortcomings: it may require enlightened institutional regulations and regional planning (and/or ecologically aware developers), it is not always more profitable than conventional development and thus may require subsidies or incentives, and additional research is required to fully understand its benefits and drawbacks. With more information on the effects of clustering, the development of flexible zoning laws, and effective regional planning, conservation development could be a viable strategy for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in changing landscapes.     

浙江省永康市乡镇炼铝行业环境污染现状及对策

乡镇炼铝业是永康市主干行业之一，主要分布在古山、桥下两镇。调查结果表明，其生产过程产生的废气中，氟化物、二氧化硫、粉尘等标污染负荷比分别为６２９３％，２５２４％和１１８３％，废渣发生量约为０５ｔ／ｔ，废气、废渣已对环境产生污染，并危害人体健康。本文在调查研究基础上，提出了治理对策。     

江苏省海门县农村生态环境评价方法

本文采用层次分析结构模型为基础的综合评价方法，通过１０名专家对３６个指标的评分，对江苏省海门县１９９０年的农村生态环境进行了定量评价。结果表明，由于狠抓了农村生态环境综合治理，与１９８６年相比，虽然乡镇工业有了很大的发展，但农村生态环境总体上没有恶化的趋势。     

加强农村环境保护工作

本文根据党的十三届八中全会《关于加强农业和农村工作的决定》为农村经济发展所提出的新的目标和任务，结合农村经济发展给环境所带来的压力，分析了９０年代我国农村的环境形势，指出了加强我国农村的环境保护工作是农村经济发展的客观要求，我们应该适应这种要求，加强农村的环境保护工作。通过对农村生态环境和自然资源受到破坏并受到工、农业生产污染的情况分析，指出了我国农村的环境形势不容乐观，必须从现在起就给予足够的重视。为解决农村的环境问题，文中也提出了基本的对策和措施。     

大庆农村的生态环境问题及对策

随着农村经济的发展,农村环境污染和生态破坏问题日益突出,农药、化肥、农膜污染加剧,秸秆焚烧、污水灌溉和养殖业污染日趋严重,乡镇工业污染蔓延,农业生态系统退化,植被破坏、土地退化严重.由于城乡二元结构的存在,城市向农村地区转移污染,公共财政和转移支付中未考虑农村污染治理问题,配套措施不完善,加之农村地区居民公众参与意识薄弱,已成为影响新农村建设的重要障碍.本文着重分析了大庆农村生态环境问题及原因,并提出了一些具体的对策和建议.     

保护农村环境促进社会主义新农村建设

文章论述了农村环境保护在社会主义新农村建设中的重要作用,分析了黑龙江省农村环境状况、管理现状及其社会主义新农村建设中面临的环境问题,指出农村环境保护是新农村建设中的一个关键,也是一个相对薄弱的环节,必须给予高度的重视和加强,加强农村环境保护是推进社会主义新农村建设可持续发展的基本保障,提出了加强农村环境保护,保障社会主义新农村建设的对策措施.     

发展有机食品生产 保护农村生态环境

有机食品生产在全球蓬勃发展，发展大连有机食品生产，建设大连有机食品的基地，对发展大连可持续农业，保护大连农村生态环境意义重大。评议中谈及到大连市发展有机食品生产基地的必要性和可能性等方面。     

江苏省农村地表水环境现状及治理对策

简要分析了江苏省农村地表水环境现状及其成因，对目前的处理对策作了介绍，并指出今后治理的发展方向。     

Conservation Value of Clustered Housing Developments

Abstract:  Traditionally, exurban lands in Colorado have been subdivided into a grid of parcels ranging from 2 to 16 ha. From an ecological perspective, this dispersed pattern of development effectively maximizes the individual influence of each home on the land. Clustered housing developments, designed to maximize open space, are assumed to benefit plant and wildlife communities of conservation interest. They have become a popular alternative for rural development despite the lack of empirical evidence demonstrating their conservation benefits. To better inform rural land-use planning, we evaluated clustered housing developments by comparing their spatial pattern with that of dispersed housing developments and by comparing their conservation value with that of both dispersed housing developments and undeveloped areas in Boulder County, Colorado. We used four indicators to assess conservation value: (1) densities of songbirds, (2) nest density and survival of ground-nesting birds, (3) presence of mammals, and (4) percent cover and proportion of native and non-native plant species. Clustered and dispersed housing developments did not differ on the majority of variables we examined. Both types of housing development had significantly higher densities of non-native and human-commensal species and significantly lower densities of native and human-sensitive species than undeveloped areas. More rigorous ecological guidelines and planning on a regional scale may help create clustered developments with higher conservation value.