栽植寒富苹果防风固沙修复土壤的效益分析

通过台安县西平林场大兴村栽植寒富苹果防风固沙修复土壤实验,证明在北方沙化土地上种植寒富苹果是可行的.以内蒙古"十五"林业生态建设所产生的生态效益为依据,寒富苹果基地建设,一方面促进农民增收,另一方面具有防风固沙修复土壤、涵养水源,保持水土的作用.能获得生态效益和经济效益双赢,在适宜地区具有广泛的推广价值.     

加氢裂化装置火灾危险性分析及安全管理对策研究

加氢裂化装置是石化炼油装置中爆炸和火灾危险性最高的装置,根据加氢裂化的工艺和装置特点,从物料和主要设备两个方面分析了加氢裂化装置的火灾危险特性,探讨了加氢裂化装置发生事故原因,从设置监测装置、防止反应失控和强化灭火预案等方面提出了加氢裂化装置安全管理对策.     

陕南水镁石纤维的环境安全性评估

纤维水镁石在动物体内有一定的生物活性,但在人群流行性病学结果上显示的一系列信息如接尘工人只出现低的尘肺患病率,没有矽肺病和Ⅲ期尘肺患者。溶解性试验结果表明：水镁石纤维粉尘极易溶解在有机无机强弱酸、混合酸、有机无机铵盐、缓冲溶液中,也可部分溶于水中,导致其在体内滞留时间短且易于清除。说明水镁石纤维是安全的纤维材料且没有致瘤协同作用,由于矿物的表面/界面特征是除纤维特性以外控制纤维生物活性和危害性的关键因素之一,提出了矿物粉尘环境安全评价分类体系应突破矿物种的局限而深入到表面/界面的水平。     

弹药公路运输安全评估研究综述

综述了我军弹药公路运输安全评估的研究现状和特点规律,分析提出了现有研究成果在理论和技术层面的不足,为该领域研究提供参考借鉴.基于军地两类文献数据库,采用文献检索法、对比法和归纳法对我军弹药公路运输安全评估相关内容进行了梳理,分析了弹药公路运输安全评估研究的热点方向,阐述了安全评估方法与安全评估技术2个方面研究的不足.我...     

An Exploratory Study of Meanings of Risk Control for Long Term and Acute Effect Occupational Health and Safety Risks in Small Business Construction Firms

A qualitative study of employers' and employees' meanings of occupational health and safety (OHS) risk control was conducted among a sample of small businesses engaged in the Australian construction industry. Two OHS risks relevant to the construction industry were selected for study. One risk (falls from height) represented an immediate consequence, whereas the other (occupational skin disease) represented a long-term health effect. Meanings of the sources and control for these risks were explored during in-depth interviews. Participants perceived the immediate effect, falls from height OHS risk, as being more important in their workplaces than the delayed effect, skin disease OHS risk. The risk of falls from height was perceived to be controllable but requiring a great deal of effort to prevent, whereas there was a fatalistic resignation to the risk of occupational skin disease. Meanings of risk control for both occupational skin disease and falls from height focused on individual rather than technological risk controls. Organizational barriers to the adoption of technological OHS risk controls in the construction industry were identified.     

试论ISO11014-1应增设有关理化参数

提出了在执行国际标准ＩＳＯ１１０１４－ １ 即化学品安全技术说明书的数据模式中应增设可燃液体的燃烧速率、比热和蒸发潜热等理化参数,并阐述了增设的必要性、作用、对策及建议。     

INTEGRATING SOCIAL BENEFIT COST ACCOUNTING INTO WATERSHED RESTORATION AND PROTECTION PROGRAMS1

ABSTRACT: Successful watershed management requires consideration of multiple objectives and the efficient use of scarce public and private resources. One way to address these multi-faceted issues is through Social Benefit-Cost Accounting (SBCA). SBCA is a systematic method of addressing complex social and economic issues relevant to proposed watershed management projects. Benefits of using this technique include: benefits and costs of watershed projects are better understood; politically sensitive issues tend to be put into perspective; and stakeholders' interests are placed on a level playing field. An example from Bogota, Colombia demonstrates how SBCA can be used to value the benefits and costs of a proposed project. By addressing the benefits and costs to all stakeholders, the design of watershed management programs can be improved to achieve goals in a cost-effective manner.     

性能化火灾安全评估应用个案研究

性能化火灾安全评估屉当前火灾科学及其应用研究的热点之一。该方法利用火灾动力学、热化学、安全评估原理学等确定性工程方法，针对各类建筑的结构特点和实际状况，对建筑物的火灾危险进行定性的预测和评估。以某高层建筑的维修工程为例，评估了其维修期间的火灾安全水平。通过对其维修前（满足规范要求）和维修期间（不满足规范要求）两种情况下人员疏散过程的比较，并辅以烟气运动规律的预测，得出了该建筑在施工期间的安全水平。     

基于元胞自动机的极端降雨下地铁疏散模拟*

为研究地铁系统在极端降雨灾害下的人员疏散过程,分析人员疏散过程影响因素和改善方法,将数值模拟方法与模糊逻辑理论相结合,在传统元胞自动机疏散模型中引入人员疏散行为选择机制,模拟地铁隧道遭受洪水侵入以及采取改善措施后的疏散情况。研究结果表明:引入人员疏散行为选择机制可以较真实地模拟极端降雨下受限空间中的人员疏散过程;采取改善方案后,人员被迫改变疏散行为的比例下降53.95%,人群疏散安全度由0.201提升至0.633;当采取与防洪能力不适应的疏散平台高度时,疏散安全度较采取合理设施时平均下降30%且差异较大;硬件设施满足安全度达到0.6为宜,按照最终安全度为1设计疏散方案,可使硬件设施设计与疏散方案制定更加合理配套。研究结果可为地铁系统防洪设计与管理提供参考。     

基于位置误差概率模型的物流无人机安全间隔评估方法研究

针对未来多架物流无人机飞行在同一航线可能引起的安全冲突问题,提出规划无人机之间的安全间隔以规避运行风险.根据无人机在地面控制系统监控下的飞行特点,结合位置误差概率模型,综合考虑无人机定位误差、速度误差以及侧风的影响,依次建立无人机之间纵向、侧向和垂直方向的碰撞风险评估模型,并得出ICAO安全目标水平下的最小安全间隔.选...