砂尘环境试验中颗粒沉降的数值模拟

对砂尘试验中试验段前后砂尘颗粒气固两相流场进行了数值模拟,计算中,将气相作为连续介质,采用两相耦合的Navier-Stokes湍流模型,,并用SIMPLE算法对流场进行数值模拟;将固相作为离散体系,采用颗粒轨迹法计算其运动轨迹。计算结果表明,试验段前后由于气流旋涡的诱导,使得砂粒会聚集在模型的前端和后端附近,说明此处较容易聚集砂粒。计算结果对自行设计与研制砂尘环境模拟试验设备具有重要的指导意义和实用参考价值。     

巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山区沙层含水量与水分来源探讨

为了查明巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山区沙层含水量、水分来源等问题,于2009年5月大沙山区进行了15个5 m深钻孔的采样研究。结果表明,巴丹吉林沙漠高大沙山区干沙层分布深度比降水较多地区干沙层分布深度大,湿沙层含水量比降水多的地区低,指示该区的湿沙层含水量一般小于2%是当地气候条件下的正常现象。该区沙层水分主要以薄膜水的形式存在,并具有向下运移的特点,表明完全有可能成为湖水和地下水的来源之一。高大沙山区沙层含水量空间差异明显,洼地含水量最高与平地含水量较高,是大气降水向地下入渗的渠道。高大沙山区厚度小的干沙层的存在表明该区沙层水分受蒸发作用影响深度小,这能够有力促进大气降水通过入渗转化为地下水,这是在极端干旱气候条件下大气降水有可能入渗到达地下水位并成为湖水来源的主要原因。该区水分具有正平衡的显示,这是沙层水分入渗快和受蒸发作用影响深度小造成的,属于沙层水理性质决定的水分正平衡。     

石英砂提高城市污泥生物沥浸效率主导因素分析

通过摇瓶实验探究石英砂提高城市污泥生物沥浸效率的主导因素.结果表明,在0~72h内,生物菌液酸化效应在提高污泥脱水性能中占据主导作用;在72h之后,次生矿物的形成对提高污泥脱水性能的贡献率超过生物菌液.随着生物沥浸持续进行,石英砂诱导次生矿物产量逐渐增加,次生矿物在生物菌液酸化效应基础上进一步强化污泥脱水性能.在二者耦合作用下,城市污泥比阻（SRF）从初始的17.13×10¹²m/kg下降至48h时的最低值3.56×10¹²m/kg.然而,生物菌液和次生矿物单独作用时,SRF降到最低值均需72h,且最低SRF分别为3.89×10¹²和4.77×10¹²m/kg.可见,二者耦合作用在进一步改善污泥脱水性能以及缩短生物沥浸时间方面都有明显的优势.     

氧化铁涂层砂变性滤料除砷性能研究

氧化铁涂层砂和未涂层石英砂除砷过滤实验比较表明,氧化铁涂层砂除砷效果显著,去除率达95%以上,基本遵循低pH,高去除率的规律,除砷吸附等温线属于Langmuir型,单层吸附。     

河西走廊1994－04－08浮尘暴·黄沙的气象特征和大气气溶胶测定

报道１９９４－０４－０７—１９９４－０４－０８河西走廊形成浮尘暴·黄沙天气过程、气象观测和大气总悬浮微粒（ＴＳＰ）测定结果,说明我国西北地区发生的浮尘暴·黄沙天气的气象及大气气溶胶特点。嘉峪关和酒泉一带是这次黄沙的中心;酒泉等地的ＴＳＰ浓度高达３８．００ｍｇ／ｍ３,室内ＴＳＰ浓度高达８．６３ｍｇ／ｍ３,自然降尘浓度达２９６．２２ｔ／（ｋｍ２·月）;黄沙云高约２０００—３０００ｍ;主要组成元素Ｓｔ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ和Ｔｉ等含量上升;黄沙沿嘉峪关、酒泉、金昌、兰州和北京渐次减少;１９９４－０４－１１的２：００在甘肃省大部分地区出现了哈布（Ｈａｂｏｏｂ）现象。建议今后对尘暴·黄沙的研究还应测定黄沙气溶胶浓度、粒度分布和不同粒度微粒的化学组成,测定雨土、降水、降尘和气温的变化。     

The sands of Forvie (Scotland): A case study in geomorphology and conservational management

The Sands of Forvie, National Nature Reserve, Scotland is a complex coastal sand dune system which is associated with the dynamic estuary of the River Ythan. The dune system has developed over more than 5000 years. The south partis a peninsula of dunes, sandhills, sand arcs, erosion and deflation surfaces. The north part is superimposed on a rock plateau with a cliff coastline. This plateau is covered in glacial deposits and is essentially an upland heath landscape. Some of the best examples of large active parabolic dunes in Britain are found in North Forvie. The sequence of geomorphic development is described. As a nature reserve with a rich ecology it has been managed for conservational purposes since 1960s. As such it is an excellent case study of how conservational management has changed to become more flexible and more aware of the importance of dynamic processes.     

Migration of uranium(IV)/(VI) in the presence of humic acids in quartz sand: a laboratory column study

The migration behavior of U(IV) and U(VI) in the presence of humic acid was studied in a quartz sand system. Laboratory column experiments were performed using humic acid, U(VI) in humic acid absence, U(IV) and U(VI) in humic acid presence, and for comparison a conservative tracer. In experiments using humic acid, both redox species of U migrate nearly as fast as the conservative tracer. Humic acid accelerates the U(VI) breakthrough compared to the humic acid-free system. There are strong indications for a similar effect on the U(IV) transport. At the same time, a part of U(IV) and U(VI) associated with the humic acid is immobilized in the quartz sand due to humic colloid filtration thus producing a delaying effect. Tailing at a low concentration level was observed upon tracer elution. The experimental breakthrough curves were described by reactive transport modeling using equations for equilibrium and kinetic reactions. The present study demonstrates that humic acids can play an important role in the migration of actinides. As natural organic matter is ubiquitous in aquifer systems, the humic colloid-borne transport of actinides is of high relevance in performance assessment.     

南通富水砂层盾构隧道开挖对邻近桩基影响分析

为有效控制盾构隧道近距侧穿既有桥梁桩基施工,给桩基造成一定安全风险,本文依托南通地铁1号线区间盾构工程,建立三维有限元模型,基于流固耦合理论分析盾构施工对桩基水平位移、内力、地表沉降的影响,并验证计算的准确性。结果表明:盾构开挖面距离桩基2D范围内,盾构施工对桩基产生的影响占总水平位移的85%;桩基产生的最大水平位移为16.13 mm;盾构施工引起桩基剪力和弯矩的变化量明显。在富水砂层类似工程施工中应加强监测,同时采取优化盾构掘进参数和地层加固等措施,减小盾构施工对桩基影响。     

武汉地区沙尘天气气溶胶粒径分布特性研究

通过利用湖北省大气复合污染自动监控预警中心的振荡天平法颗粒物监测仪、光散射法气溶胶粒径谱仪,对武汉地区一次典型沙尘天气过程中记录的不同粒径气溶胶颗粒数量浓度、相对质量浓度进行研究。结果表明,在武汉地区沙尘天气过程中,粗颗粒显著增多,而细颗粒显著减少,这与部分研究发现的沙尘天气过程中粗颗粒与细颗粒共同显著增多的结论有所不同。粒径谱仪分析显示,大于PM5颗粒的增多对粗颗粒浓度增加有显著贡献,而小于PM0.5颗粒的减少则对细颗粒浓度降低有主要贡献,这可能是武汉地区沙尘天气过程颗粒物的变化特点。     

Airbone particles dynamics: towards a theoretical approach

Wind-tunnel simulations and field experiments for dust transport by air show that deposition is predominant on the windward side of hills whereas sans deposition is mainly observed on the lee side. That and other aspects such as the existence of several deposition regimes depending on wind intensity call for theoretical explanations. We present some preliminary considerations leading to such a theoretical framework.