Highly inhibited transport of dissolved thallium(I) in manganese oxide-coated sand: Chemical condition effects and retention mechanisms

Thallium contamination in water can cause great danger to the environment. In this study, we synthesized manganese oxide-coated sand (MOCS) and investigated the transport and retention behaviors of Tl(I) in MOCS under different conditions. Characterization methods combined with a two-site nonequilibrium transport model were applied to explore the retention mechanisms. The results showed that Tl(I) mobility was strongly inhibited in MOCS media, and the retention capacity calculated from the fitted model was 510.41 mg/g under neutral conditions. The retention process included adsorption and oxidative precipitation by the manganese oxides coated on the sand surface. Cotransport with the same concentration of Mn(II) led to halving Tl(I) retention due to competition for reactive sites. Enhanced Tl(I) retention was observed under alkaline conditions, as increasing pH promoted electronegativity on the media surface. Moreover, the competitive cation Ca²⁺ significantly weakened Tl(I) retention by occupying adsorption sites. These findings provide new insights into understanding Tl(I) transport behavior in water-saturated porous media and suggest that manganese oxide-coated sand can be a cost-effective filter media for treating Tl-contaminated water.     

铁锰复合氧化物包覆海砂的吸附除磷研究

利用铁锰复合氧化物包覆海砂制备了一种用于污水除磷的新型颗粒状吸附剂,并对其表面特性与磷吸附行为进行了研究.扫描电镜(SEM)分析结果表明,包覆后海砂颗粒表面凹凸不平且多孔,BET比表面积由0.06增至2.52 m2·g-1.磷吸附实验结果表明,包覆后海砂对磷的吸附能力显著提高,最大吸附容量为1.01~1.23 mg·g-1,优于多数文献报道的负载改性砂颗粒吸附剂;吸附动力学更符合准二级动力学方程,推测磷在包覆海砂表面发生了化学吸附;溶液p H对磷吸附有一定影响,离子强度则影响不大;共存阴离子对磷吸附影响的大小顺序为Si O2-3CO2-3F-SO2-4Cl-.     

沙尘媒质微波衰减特性研究*

目的研究沙尘媒质中微波衰减特性。方法根据随机媒质电磁波传播理论,给出了沙尘媒质中沿水平路径和沿地空路径的微波衰减和相移模型,与Sharief,Erdenekhuu和尹文言衰减模型计算结果进行比较和分析。结果衰减模型与Goldhirsh模型比较吻合,验证了其正确性。模型预测结果与Sharief模型结果一致。结论仿真结果验证了提出模型的有效性,模型计算方便,适用于不同频率。     

细尾矿砂非饱和渗流稳态含水率二维解析解

为准确描述非饱和细尾矿砂内部含水率的空间分布规律,采用解析方法求解了非饱和尾矿砂的二维Richards方程,探讨了解析求解过程中方程和求解区域简化的思路,介绍了非饱和细尾矿砂含水率空间分布的实验结果,采用混沌粒子群优化算法计算了求解过程中引入的常数。研究结果表明:解析解具有无穷级数的形式,且级数的系数具有很好的收敛性,非饱和细尾矿砂含水率在水平和竖直方向上的分布均近似服从指数函数,混沌粒子群优化算法的误差收敛性明显,利用解析模型得到的各点含水率计算值与实验测量值均符合的比较好。所得解析公式能够很好地描述非饱和细尾矿砂内部含水率的空间分布规律。     

塔河油田油泥砂化学热洗＋气浮分离技术研究

综述了油泥砂处理方法,结合塔河油田油泥砂的特性,对采用的化学热洗＋气浮分离技术进行了探讨,并进行了环境和经济评价。     

Persistence of granular and EC formulations of chlorpyrifos in a mineral and an organic soil incubated in open and closed containers

Abstract

Samples of a mineral soil (Plainfield sand) and an organic soil (muck) were treated with granular and EC formulations of chlorpyrifos and incubated at 27±1°C and 65±5% RH in open and closed containers. Duplicate samples of each soil‐formulation‐container combination were analyzed for residual chlorpyrifos during a 23 wk period. The disappearance rates observed demonstrate that the relative importance of formulation and containment on overall persistence depends on soil type. For the mineral soil, disappearance was slower from closed containers and formulation had only a slight effect while, in the organic soil the granular formulation disappeared slower than the EC and there was little difference between open and closed containers. The relative importance of degradation and volatilization in the disappearance of chlorpyrifos from soil is discussed.     

混合滤料的润湿性及其过滤处理含油废水性能

为了探究两种润湿性相反的特殊润湿性滤料的耦合作用,将超疏水超亲油石英砂滤料和超亲水水下超疏油石英砂滤料均匀混合,研究了混合滤料的润湿性以及过滤除油性能.结果表明,两种滤料混合组成的固体表面润湿性不满足每种滤料润湿性的加权平均关系,更符合二次曲线关系,决定系数高达0.9992;交替润湿性对过滤除油效率具有耦合增强作用.混合滤料的疏水亲油性越强,其除油效率、归一化附着效率和渗透系数都越大,反之亦然.滤料粒径越小,归一化附着效率的变化斜率越大,而滤速和床深对归一化附着效率的变化斜率影响不明显.滤料的疏水性具有增阻的效应,流速的增加有助于增大滤层的渗透系数.以上研究成果可为特殊润湿性混合滤料过滤处理含油废水提供研究思路和参考.     

黑色铸造废旧型砂的再生利用

本文论述了对铸造废旧型砂再生利用的必要性，同时对废旧型砂再生原理、方法和工艺进行了探讨，认为对旧型砂再生利用可行且具有良好的经济效益和环境效益，值得铸造行业借鉴。     

砂对海水中溶解油的吸附及影响因素研究

以柴油污染的海水为对象，研究了砂对海水中溶解油的吸附作用及吸附的影响因素。结果表明，砂对溶解油的吸附符合Henry型吸附等温式，其吸附量随着砂粒粒径的减小、温度的降低和盐度的增加而增大。在影响吸附的3种因素中，粒径对吸附的影响最大。通过吸附热力学分析，推断砂对溶解油的吸附属于物理吸附。     

北非沙尘天气时空分布特征及其远程传输路径

通过对北非地面300个气象站20a沙尘暴、浮尘、风场及冬夏季气溶胶指数（AI）的时空分布分析,探讨了其远程传输路径,结果表明：1）北非在阿尔及利亚、毛里塔尼亚、尼日尔和乍得中部、埃及东部、苏丹北部、博德莱洼地存在6个主要沙源区,3月沙尘暴范围和强度最大,8~11月最小.从11月起逐渐在萨赫勒地区形成了一条浮尘带,其强度和范围在3月最大,其后逐渐收缩并在6~10月分裂成3~4个小带.2）受冬春季地面高压影响,萨赫勒浮尘带由其北部发生的沙尘暴远距离传输而来.4~8月,来自赤道的南风北抬并与来自大西洋的西北风在萨赫勒中西部交汇,形成静风区并导致浮尘带收缩、断裂.3）北非存在2条沙尘主传输路径,其中Ⅰ起自阿尔及利亚,向东到地中海、埃及和苏丹,然后转向萨赫勒,从东向西传到大西洋;Ⅱ起自阿尔及利亚,向南传输到毛里塔尼亚,向西传到大西洋;同时在主传输路径Ⅰ上还出现了4个分支路径.