FLOW ANALYSIS OF LANDSLIDE DAMMED LAKE WATERSHEDS: A CASE STUDY1

Abstract: The Chi-Chi earthquake, which occurred on September 21, 1999, and had a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale, resulted in an extensive landslide that blocked the Ching-Shui Creek in Taiwan, forming a large lake with a storage volume of 40 million m³. This paper describes an analytical procedure used to perform flow analysis of the Tsao-Ling watershed, which includes the new landslide dammed lake. In this study, a digital elevation model was applied to obtain the watershed geomorphic factors and stage-area storage function of the landslide dammed lake. Satellite images were used to identify the landslide area and the land cover change that occurred as a result of the earthquake. Two topography-based runoff models were applied for long term and short term streamflow analyses of the watershed because the watershed upstream of the landslide dam was ungauged. The simulated daily flow and storm runoff were verified using limited available measured data in the watershed, and good agreement was obtained. The proposed analytical procedure for flow analysis is considered promising for application to other landslide dammed lake watersheds.     

基于遥感影像的城市震害模拟

探讨了基于遥感影像图进行城市地震灾害模拟的可行性，提出了一套利用GIS栅格分析功能进行城市地震灾害模拟的方法。详细论述了一种从TM／ETM＋遥感影像图提取群体建筑物专题信息并创建群体建筑物栅格的方法，以及场地地震动峰值加速度（PGA）衰减栅格、工程场地条件栅格的创建方法。结合调查资料，对某市群体建筑物进行了基于栅格的地震破坏模拟，得到了可信的地震灾害模拟结果，说明基于栅格分析城市地震灾害具有可行性。     

Effects of humic acid on recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs

Particle surface characteristics, floc recoverability and fractal structure of alum-kaolin flocs were investigated using in situ particle image velocimetry (PIV) and microbalance with or without humic acid. Experimental results indicated that the zeta potential of kaolin particle surface after adsorption of humic acid was related with humic acid concentration and its acid-base bu ering capacity. Adsorption of humic acid resulted in more negative electrophoresis on the particle surface. Coagulant dosages for particles to form flocs would increase with increasing humic concentration. PIV was used to evaluate floc structural fragmentation, floc surface erosion as well as recoverability after high shear. It was found that the floc size during the steady phase of growth was small, while the regrowing capability decreased in the presence of humic acid. The recoverability was closely related with floc breakage modes including floc structural fragmentation and floc surface erosion. The fractal dimensions of alum-kaolin flocs by mass-size method based on microbalance would decrease with increasing humic concentration. This study proved that humic acid had adverse influences on the performance of coagulation process.     

成都市城市演变对热岛效应的影响分析

将高、低分辨率卫星遥感数据相结合,使用成都市2001和2006年的同期卫星遥感数据,通过CBERS/CCD(中巴地球资源卫星/CCD相机)的多光谱信息获取植被指数图,并结合三波段数据合成彩色图像以及全色图,采用人机交互式方式提取城市建成区信息;对NOAA/AVHRR(美国国家海洋大气局/改进的甚高分辨率扫描辐射计)的热...     

旅游景观的形象美与其生态学内涵初探——以三亚旅游景观资源的保护为例

文章从可持续发展的角度,提出旅游景观资源形象美必须以维持生态系统的规律美为内涵,认为自然美的生态价值才是自然的第一价值。并以三亚旅游景观资源的保护为例。对海域、陆域典型旅游景观资源的保护提出了具体建议。     

eCognition软件在本溪典型区域生态遥感监测中的应用

介绍了eCognition软件在生态遥感监测工作中的应用。以高分辨率QuickBird,Worldview-1,IKONOS卫星数据为主要信息源,辅以SPOT,TM,ETM和中巴地球资源卫星CBERS等卫星数据,利用不同波段的组合图像,通过目视解译、人机交互解译、计算机自动识别与信息提取等方法,解译本溪典型区域不同时期矿山开采、林地、农田、城镇、道路等生态环境要素变化。     

监测浒苔灾害的微波遥感数据选取

2008年奥帆赛举办地青岛海域出现了大面积的浒苔自然灾害,利用卫星遥感监测浒苔能够达到快速准确的效果.本文使用RADARSAT-1、ENVISAT-ASAR、ALOS-PALSAR三种星载雷达传感器的数据,首先进行了影像预处理,并且针对浒苔的影像特征提出了一种基于灰度值的影像分析方法,该方法能够快速的对监测浒苔灾害的星...     

基于文本文件的可拓数据挖掘方法研究

本文介绍了可拓学理论与可拓数据挖掘技术的基本概念与基本方法,并将可拓数据挖掘技术用于“5·12”汶川地震空间电离层电场文本数据文件的处理.利用自行开发的数据挖掘软件进行数据分类,在震前10天数据中,得到了2个关联度异常文件,并计算了挖掘知识的支持度与可信度.     

厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)中成熟颗粒污泥的分形分析

研究了ABR反应器启动成功后成熟颗粒污泥的物理性质和不同拓扑空间下的分形维数.结果表明,在反应器启动成功后,各格室中形成了平均粒径为1.70～2.70 mm、边界较为清晰的黑色颗粒污泥.它们的SVI值为25～35 mL·g-1,有效密度主要集中在1.02g·mL-1以下,自由沉降速率主要集中在14.40～86.40m·h-1之间.在它们的等速自由沉降的过程中,第2格室到第5格室中颗粒污泥水平方向的投影平均直径与垂直投影方向上平均直径的比值接近0.73,而第1格室的这一比值却为0.83.依据沉降速率-当量圆直径的双对数图计算出的各格室中颗粒污泥的质量分形维数Df处于2.097～2.801之间,大小顺序为第5格＞第3格＞第2格≥第1格＞第4格,表明第5格室中形成的颗粒污泥较为密实,而第4格室的密实程度最小,但密实的颗粒污泥并不一定意味着较高的平均沉降速率.此外,依据投影法计算出的ABR各格室中颗粒污泥在低维拓扑空间下的几种分形维数之间的关系与其理论公式之间的关系相符,其中二维拓扑空间的分形维数为1.69～1.84(投影面积-长轴),大小顺序为第3格室＞第1格室＞第5格室＞第4格室＞第2格室,这些D2不等于2,即不符合Meakin的结论.一维拓扑空间下的分形维数在0.99～1.03之间,各格室之间差异不大,表明颗粒污泥的边界不规则程度小.     

SAR图像的小波阈值去噪研究

研究了如何有效抑制合成孔径雷达图像中的斑点噪声并尽量保留图像的细节信息.选用具有较好紧支性和正交性的Daubechies小波,对图像进行2D小波变换,并在对各层小波系数阈值处理时采用了软硬阈值方法以及改进的软硬阈值折衷方法.实验表明,小波阈值去噪较许多常用的斑点去噪方法具有很大优势,而软硬阈值折衷方法可以一定程度上结合软、硬阈值处理的优点,既能较好地滤除SAR图像中的斑点噪声,又具有较好的边缘保持能力,从而改善了图像的解译能力.