Disaster management and mitigation: the telecommunications infrastructure

Among the most typical consequences of disasters is the near or complete collapse of terrestrial telecommunications infrastructures (especially the distribution network–the 'last mile') and their concomitant unavailability to the rescuers and the higher echelons of mitigation teams. Even when such damage does not take place, the communications overload/congestion resulting from significantly elevated traffic generated by affected residents can be highly disturbing. The paper proposes innovative remedies to the telecommunications difficulties in disaster struck regions. The offered solutions are network-centric operations-cap able, and can be employed in management of disasters of any magnitude (local to national or international). Their implementation provide ground rescue teams (such as law enforcement, firemen, healthcare personnel, civilian authorities) with tactical connectivity among themselves, and, through the Next Generation Network backbone, ensure the essential bidirectional free flow of information and distribution of Actionable Knowledge among ground units, command/control centres, and civilian and military agencies participating in the rescue effort.     

新型絮凝剂含硼聚硅铝铁的制备和性能研究

向聚硅酸中引入Al³⁺、Fe³⁺、B,制得稳定性更好的高效絮凝剂含硼聚硅铝铁（PFASB）。通过实验得到其最佳配比为：n_(B)/n_(Si)=0.16、n_(Fe)/n_(Al)=0.5 、n_(Al+Fe)/n_(Si)=1。对造纸废水和焦化废水进行混凝实验表明,PFASB的除浊、除COD的能力均优于聚合铝、聚合铝铁和聚硅铝铁,而且矾花产生迅速,矾花粗大密实,是一种性能优异的新型高分子絮凝剂。实验还考察了絮凝剂的形貌和结构,结果表明B、铝及其水解产物、铁及其水解产物和聚硅酸等多种组分之间有相互作用,形成了尺度更大的聚集单元。PFASB的这种特殊结构是其具有良好稳定性和混凝性能的根本原因。     

Influence of nozzle type upon the control of the stalkborer using chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin 1

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in corn plots during 1988 that were artificially Infested with stalkborers, Papianema nebris (Guenee'). Two atomizers, a flatfan and a flood nozzle chosen for different droplet size distributions were used to apply two insecticides, chlorpyrifos and cyfluthrin at two application rates. Nozzles, insecticides, rates, and associated interactions were evaluated for control of stalkborer in the field. Laboratory studies involved application of insecticides to soil and glass via a spray track for bioassay at field application rates. Image analysis of percent area travelled on water sensitive paper by stalkborers was compared to droplet percent area covered to obtain percent area contacted per insect. Droplet size distributions for each nozzle were obtained using an Aerometrics particle sizing instrument. Significant differences in stalkborer control were attributed to percent area covered by smaller droplets measured by image analysis.     

Neighborhood satisfaction,physical and perceived naturalness and openness

This study examined neighborhood satisfaction in relation to naturalness and openness. It used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Landsat satellite imagery to physically measure the environmental attributes. Through path analysis it examined the relationship among the attributes, resident ratings of those environmental attributes, their satisfaction with them, and their overall neighborhood satisfaction (n = 725). We expected overall neighborhood satisfaction to relate to the resident's ratings of the environmental attributes and to the physical measures of them. The path model showed that overall neighborhood satisfaction was associated directly with the physical measure of building density and indirectly with the physical measure of vegetation rate through perception and evaluation of them. The perceptions and evaluations of the attributes related to one another. With refinements, GIS and Landsat data geo-related to survey data can offer a powerful tool for understanding the complex nature of neighborhood satisfaction and behavior.     

DB44/T 578-2009测试中常见问题及对策

本文对卫星定位汽车行驶记录仪按DB44/T578-2009测试时常见不合格问题及对策进行简要的分析,解决这些问题对设计和测试卫星定位汽车行驶记录仪是很有必要的。     

高分辨率遥感图像在城市快速震害预测中的应用研究

以河南省某县城为例,通过分析高分辨率遥感图像,获取建筑物的属性信息,结合相关调查数据,建立震害矩阵,得到震害预测结果,计算综合地震危险性指数,评价该区域综合抗震能力。与实际调研结果对比后发现,基于高分表率遥感图像的建筑物信息提取技术具有较高精度,能够满足大范围快速震害预测的需要。     

Impacts of natural weathering on the transformation/neoformation processes in landfilled MSWI bottom ash: a geoenvironmental perspective

Natural weathering processes are significant mechanisms that noticeably affect the fundamental nature of incineration ash residues. To provide a greater understanding of these processes, a MSWI (mono)landfill site in the north east of the US was selected as the target for systematic investigation of the natural weathering of bottom ash residues. Samples of various ages were collected from locations A (1 yr), B (10 yrs), C (13-14 yrs) and D (20 yrs) of the landfill in 2009. We investigated the phase transformation of the collected bottom ash particles, neoformation processes as well as the behavior and distribution of certain heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in the neoformed phases using optical microscopy, SEM-EDX, and bulk examinations. Key findings: at the preliminary stage, the waste metallic particles (Al, Fe, and Cu) and unstable minerals such as lime, portlandite, ettringite and hydrocalumite convert to oxide and hydroxide (hydrate) phases, calcite, alumina gel and gypsum. At the intermediate stage, the decomposition of melt products including magnetite spinels and metallic inclusions is triggered due to the partial dissolution of the melt glass. At the longer time horizon it is possible to track the breakdown of the glass phase, the extensive formation of calcite and anhydrite, Al-hydrates and more stable Fe-hydrates all through the older ash deposits. Among the dominant secondary phases, we propose the following order based on their direct metal uptake capacity: Fe-hydrates>Al-hydrates>calcite. Calcite was found to be the least effective phase for the direct sorption of heavy metals. Based on overall findings, a model is proposed that demonstrates the general trend of ash weathering in the landfill.     

Detecting Invasive Sericea Lespedeza (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lespedeza cuneata</Emphasis>) in Mid-Missouri Pastureland Using Hyperspectral Imagery

Missouri ranks second in cow-calf numbers in the United States and its pastureland has experienced invasion of various plant species. As one of the invasive weeds, sericea lespedeza is becoming a serious threat to pasturelands in this state. The in-situ field survey in these vast pastures is time consuming and often impossible because of accessibility. Typical aerial survey is also difficult to detect sericea because the plant is of similar size and color as natural grass and, thus, cannot be effectively discriminated in broadband aerial color photos. This study used an airborne hyperspectral image to map sericea and its invasiveness in a public grass field in Mid-Missouri. The maximal 1st-order derivative in red-near infrared region (650–800nm) was derived to separate sericea from fescue, the dominant grass in pastures in Missouri. With a simple threshold approach, sericea of various sizes were identified in the study area. It was also found that the maximal 1st-order derivatives of sericea patches were log-linearly related to sericea “volume,” a quasi 3-dimensional biophysical variable as an approximate measure of sericea invasiveness. The squared correlation coefficient (r ²) of the regression was 0.65 and the estimation error of sericea “volume” estimation was 11% based on ground measurements at 27 sample sites. With this empirical regression model, the quantitative distribution of sericea volume was mapped, which could serve as a first step in alerting landowners and the general public about the seriousness of sericea invasion in Missouri pasturelands.     

利用土壤切片和数字图像方法研究土壤孔隙的垂直空间变异性

利用土壤切片和数字图像方法研究了两种土壤类型的孔隙度在 mm尺度上的垂直空间变异性。结果表明,土壤孔隙度在 mm尺度上存在较为明显的变异;不同的土壤变异性存在一定的差异;变异性与土壤孔隙度呈反向关系,与土壤深度呈正向关系;在耕作期,变异性随时间呈现一定的波动趋势。     

用于研究土壤孔隙三维结构的连续数字图像的制备

主要介绍了一种用于分析土壤孔隙三维结构的连续数字图像的制备方法,内容包括土样的处理、不同格式图像之间的转换、孔隙结构分析指标等;对一类具体土壤的研究结果表明,在2cm的间距内,土壤孔隙结构仍存在较为明显的异质性。