基于OMI数据的四川盆地对流层甲醛时空分布特征

基于OMI卫星遥感反演的对流层甲醛柱浓度资料,对2005—2016年四川盆地对流层甲醛柱浓度的时空分布特征及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,12年间甲醛柱浓度年际变化总体呈上升趋势,年均增长率为1.17%.12年间甲醛柱浓度具有波动性,年均最低值和年均最高值分别出现于2005年和2012年.2005—2008年四川盆地甲醛柱浓度相对较低;2011年对流层甲醛柱浓度达到最大且高值区范围最大,2012年后浓度逐渐降低.四川盆地甲醛柱浓度季节变化表现为夏季春季秋季冬季.一年之中,月均甲醛柱浓度最小值基本出现在每年的11—12月,最大值则出现在6—8月.甲醛柱浓度空间分布的高值区主要分布在盆地内西南部的成都平原地区,低值区则多处于人为源排放较低的重庆东北部山区.能源消耗、生产总值及机动车保有量与对流层甲醛柱浓度具有显著的正相关关系.工业源、居民源和交通源排放对甲醛柱浓度具有重要贡献.四川盆地独特的地形及区域内风场对甲醛的扩散也有重要影响.     

Long‐Range Movement of Humpback Whales and Their Overlap with Anthropogenic Activity in the South Atlantic Ocean

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are managed by the International Whaling Commission as 7 primary populations that breed in the tropics and migrate to 6 feeding areas around the Antarctic. There is little information on individual movements within breeding areas or migratory connections to feeding grounds. We sought to better understand humpback whale habitat use and movements at breeding areas off West Africa, and during the annual migration to Antarctic feeding areas. We also assessed potential overlap between whale habitat and anthropogenic activities. We used Argos satellite‐monitored radio tags to collect data on 13 animals off Gabon, a primary humpback whale breeding area. We quantified habitat use for 3 cohorts of whales and used a state‐space model to determine transitions in the movement behavior of individuals. We developed a spatial metric of overlap between whale habitat and models of cumulative human activities, including oil platforms, toxicants, and shipping. We detected strong heterogeneity in movement behavior over time that is consistent with previous genetic evidence of multiple populations in the region. Breeding areas for humpback whales in the eastern Atlantic were extensive and extended north of Gabon late in the breeding season. We also observed, for the first time, direct migration between West Africa and sub‐Antarctic feeding areas. Potential overlap of whale habitat with human activities was the highest in exclusive economic zones close to shore, particularly in areas used by both individual whales and the hydrocarbon industry. Whales potentially overlapped with different activities during each stage of their migration, which makes it difficult to implement mitigation measures over their entire range. Our results and existing population‐level data may inform delimitation of populations and actions to mitigate potential threats to whales as part of local, regional, and international management of highly migratory marine species. Cuantificación de los Movimientos de Gran Amplitud y el Traslape Potencial con Actividad Antropogénica y las Ballenas Jorobadas en el Océano Atlántico Sur     

Application of Remote Sensing in Detection of Ocean Oil Pollution

It is well known that the increase of surface tension due to the presence of oil slicks causes the surface wave motion is depressed or even disappeared, thus making the surface electromagnetically smoother. Therefore, the radar backscattered energy is correspondingly decreased. These damping effects is now well understood and such effects enables the oil slicks to be discernible from the radar image. in this paper, we are concerned with the digital technique that effectively delineates the oil slicks pattern from the SAR image. the detected pattern allows us to estimate the coverage of oil spillage. the technique is based on the fact that the oil slicks make a gray value surface in the image which is a concave area with a certain size. in order to identify correctly these oil slicks and suppress the speckle noise and other natural phenomena, an image pyramid with multi-resolution layers is generated sequentially from the original image. Then a top-down approach, which applies both first and second order derivative operators, the Difference of Gaussian (DoG) and the Laplace of Gaussian (LoG), to the image pyramid, is used to detect oil patches. Two ERS-1 SAR images acquired on August 5, 1994 and September 5, 1994, around Taiwan, were used for testing. Results indicate that the proposed method depresses the speckle noise and other sea noise signals, and enhances the oil slicks pattern clearly. the robustness to the empirical parameters introduced in this scheme was also demonstrated.     

絮体分形结构对沉淀速度影响研究

利用基于微天平的质量-粒径法和基于改进粒子图像测速技术的自由沉淀法对高岭土、腐殖酸絮体的分形结构进行了研究.结果表明,质量-粒径法得到的铁盐絮体三维分形维数为2.14~2.28,明显大于铝盐絮体的1.75~1.83,铁盐絮体结构更为致密,而铝、铁-腐殖酸絮体比相应的高岭土絮体分形维数要小.絮体分形维数与沉淀速度具有良好的对应关系,分形维数越大,絮体沉淀速度越大.质量粒径法与自由沉淀法求出的絮体分形维数相吻合,分形絮体沉淀速度不再满足Stokes沉淀速度公式.     

不同污泥高度下ABR液相流场特性试验研究

在厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)不同进水流量(150~500 L/h)和不同污泥高度(0~45 mm)的组合工况下,利用激光粒子图像测速技术(PIV)研究了ABR第一隔室内部的液相流场特性,获得了反应器关键截面的液相流场数据。结果表明:在污泥高度为0 mm时,ABR降流区径向平均速度随进水流量的增加呈先下降后增加再下降趋势;污泥高度为15 mm时,轴向平均速度随进水流量的增加呈先下降后增长趋势;平均涡量随进水流量的增加呈逐渐增加趋势。升流区径向和轴向平均速度随进水流量呈波动趋势。降流区的返混程度随污泥高度的增加而增大,矢量速度高速区集中在降流区距进水口180~250 mm处。升流区涡核数量随污泥高度增加而增加,矢量速度高速区集中在下部0~20 mm处。     

企业安全文化建设方略

我国市场经济的迅速发展和WTO的加入，对我国的企业安全管理水平的要求日益提高。企业安全文化建设作为一种行之有效且意义长远的策略正得到越来越多企业的重视。结合企业的生产与管理实际，较为全面地讲述了如何进行企业安全文化建设，具有较强的可操作性。     

风筒位置对掘进巷道流场影响的PIV实验*

为探究风筒位置对掘进巷道风流分布规律的影响,利用Fluent软件确定出实验模型内流体进入“第二自模区”的临界风速,保证实验模型与实际巷道的流动相似,采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对压、抽风筒距迎头不同距离下的前压后抽式通风流场进行测量。实验结果表明:抽风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场影响较小,涡流中心位置也不会发生改变,当抽风筒距迎头距离大于4.5S,回流区的风流充分发展,流动较为平缓。压风筒距巷道迎头距离的改变对迎头处流场和涡流影响较大,当压风筒距迎头距离大于3S,涡流中心位置向远离迎头的方向移动,涡流区域逐渐扩大。基于相似理论的PIV实验结果可为矿井掘进巷道通风工作提供一定参考。     

卫星遥感在NOx总量控制中的应用

基于美国Aura卫星臭氧观测仪(OMI)提供的对流层NO_2垂直柱浓度数据,分析2015年北京世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年纪念活动期间和2016年杭州G20峰会期间NO_2柱浓度变化趋势,发现NO_2柱浓度能灵敏地捕捉到地面NO_x排放量的变化状况.因此,本文利用OMI NO_2柱浓度评估"十二五"期间及"十三五"初期我国NO_x排放量的变化状况,结果表明,"十二五"期间我国NO_2柱浓度降幅为24.98%,NO_x减排取得显著成效."十三五"初期,2016年全国NO_2柱浓度相比2015年下降3.18%,NO_x排放量继续下降.     

基于GF1_WFV的千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度时空变化

基于高分一号（GF-1）遥感影像以及水体实测样点数据,运用波段对数组合,以千岛湖为研究对象,构建和择优了叶绿素a浓度反演模型,对2013~2019年千岛湖区域水体叶绿素a浓度值进行了估算,并利用变异系数、Mann-Kendall显著性检验模型、Theil-Sen趋势分析模型对其时空变化特征进行了分析.研究表明,基于波段对数组合的反演模型可用于千岛湖清洁水体叶绿素a浓度值的反演（R²=0.8976）;年际变化分析发现,在研究期限内,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度平均值维持在较低水平,近94%的水体像元叶绿素a浓度小于3.65μg/L,水质较佳;时空动态分析进一步发现,千岛湖水体叶绿素a浓度值大都经历了较为微小的波动变化,其中,有超过67%的水体像元浓度值呈现出微小的增长趋势,在分布上也呈现出一定的空间格局形态.     

城市地区空气污染的数值模拟

本文运用电像法,把一个求解输送扩散方程的二维伪请模式发展成三维模式,尝试把高斯模式和数值计算模式结合起来运用于数值模拟。本文对水平风场内插方法进行了发展。摸拟结果表明:本文建立的一套模式是有效的,能够成功地摸拟污染物在城市地区的输送扩散行为。