Applying choice experiments to valuing the different types of environmental issues in Japan

In this study, improvements of different types of environmental issues in Japan, (i) reduction of mortality risk due to exposure to suspended particulate matter (SPM), (ii) improvement of the water quality of an urban river, and (iii) protection of goshawks, were evaluated in monetary terms using choice experiments. It was found that the reduction of mortality risk and the improvement of the water quality were highly valued, while residents did not place high value on the protection of goshawks. However, scope sensitivity was not observed in the evaluation of each issue and the presence of moral satisfaction was revealed. Excluding the effect of lexicographic choices could partly solve the problem concerning scope sensitivity. The results suggested that non-scope sensitive values that were unrelated to or inconsistent with the level of environmental improvement could be estimated through choice experiments in this research.     

旅游景区游客满意度的测评指标体系研究——以连云港花果山风景区为例

旅游景区的竞争力来自于游客的满意度,游客满意度的高低深刻影响着旅游景区的发展潜力与能力.旅游景区游客满意度评价是当前旅游景区管理的研究重点和难点之一.在文献综述的基础上,从旅游景观、价格感知、餐饮服务、交通状况、住宿、娱乐、购物、游览、经营管理9个方面构建了旅游景区游客满意度测评指标体系,运用因素重要性推导模型对连云港花果山风景区进行了实证研究,得出连云港花果山风景区的急需改进因素、次要改进因素、锦上添花因素和竞争优势因素,针对急需改进因素提出了连云港花果山风景区的发展建议.     

人口,资源和经济制约下的城市环境战略目标：以沈阳市为例

本文在探讨城市环境战略目标制约因素的基础上,结合沈阳市的主要城市功能和环境问题,分析了沈阳市2000年环境战略目标的制约因素和措施。     

面向国土空间安全的城市体检评估方法及治理策略——以广州为例

中国快速城镇化进程中难以避免地出现了环境污染、发展粗放无序、治理乏力等城市病。城市体检作为贯彻落实中央城市工作会议精神的新型城市治理方式,已成为解决“城市病”,推动高质量发展的重要举措,但对其评估方法与实施路径的学术探讨较为欠缺。广州是全国开展城市体检的试点城市,在指标体系优化、城市问题诊断和治理策略探索方面有一定的代表性。以广州为例,聚焦于城市安全维度,建立了城市安全评估研究的基本框架,对指标体系筛选优化的技术方法进行了探究,提出从政策办法、标准规范、行动计划、建设项目等方面综合施策,并通过满意度调查和体检信息平台持续监测城市安全的治理成效,为国家城市体检工作提供研究支撑。     

Multiple environmental burdens and neighborhood-related health of city residents

Urban living environments are known to influence human well-being and health; however, little is known about the multidimensionality of different environmental burdens. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between multiple burdens and self-rated health of city residents in Berlin. A spatial analysis was conducted to determine neighborhood street blocks with high versus low levels of three environmental burdens (traffic noise, air pollution, lack of public green space) as study sites for a cross-sectional household questionnaire. Burden level served as a dichotomous predictor to compare residents' self-reports of neighborhood satisfaction, life satisfaction, health behavior, and psychological and physical health symptoms. Residents from high-burden blocks appraised the environmental conditions more stressful, reported poorer health behavior and were less satisfied with their neighborhood than residents from low-burden blocks. However, they did not differ in regard to more general health symptoms. Three other burdens (behavior-related noise, litter and dirt in public space, lack of urban vegetation), which could not be varied objectively, were assessed by their perceived intensity. Regression analyses of the relations between the perceived levels of all six burdens and outcomes in the total sample revealed the following: Neighborhood satisfaction could be predicted from multiple stressors and resources that co-occur independently, while more general health symptoms were related only to perceived air pollution. The results have implications for both urban planning and public health.     

Perceived changes in environmental degradation and loss of ecosystem services,and their implications in human well-being

ABSTRACT

Rural communities worldwide face a decrease of critical ecosystem services caused by replacement of native forests by commercial plantations. Replacement of native forest by commercial plantations decreases water provisioning, with possible negative impacts over well-being. We tested this hypothesis in Central Chile. We assessed subjective well-being (SWB) and local perceptions of changes in forest cover and water provision among 78 rural families. We also assessed if the Shifting Baseline Syndrome (SBS) affects the perceptions of environmental changes and their implications in SWB. Individuals perceived less forest cover than 20 years ago, and this is seen as a factor of decreased livelihood, availability of forest products, and water provisioning for households. People also reported less water available than 20 years ago. The main drivers associated with decreased water provision were the establishment of pine plantations (44% of individuals) and drought (44%). A better-off SWB was associated with perception of lower rate of deforestation. The perceptions of forest degradation and its association to SWB are affected by SBS. Paradoxically, a better-off SWB was also associated with an improvement of water quality, although the quantity and quality of water have decreased according to biophysical data, which ought to decrease the SWB. Impacts of environmental degradation in SWB are masked by factors such as more infrastructure for drinking water, assisted by governments. This masking of environmental degradation reduces the opportunity to avoid negative impacts over well-being among rural communities that are dependent on assistance around the world.     

基于农户满意度的耕地保护经济补偿政策绩效评价及障碍因子诊断

农户是耕地保护经济补偿政策的直接受益者,其满意度直接关系到耕地保护经济补偿政策的成效。论文从农户满意度的视角来研究耕地保护补偿政策绩效及其障碍因子的诊断方法,可为提高耕地保护补偿政策绩效提供决策依据。选取在全国创新探索农田生态补偿的上海市闵行区、苏州张家港市和率先试点耕地保护基金的四川省成都市为实施耕地保护补偿政策的典型地区,采用熵权改进的TOPSIS 法和障碍度模型,对耕地保护经济补偿政策绩效评价及其障碍因子诊断进行实证研究。研究结果表明:① 成都市、张家港市和上海市闵行区耕地保护补偿政策农户评价的绩效值分别为0.529、0.494 和0.461,对应的绩效水平分别为良好、一般和较差,农户满意度绩效存在显著的区域差异;② 影响三个地区耕地保护经济补偿政策农户绩效评价排序前5 位的障碍因子依次为对耕地保护补偿账务公开是否满意(C₈)、对政府部门关于耕地保护补偿资金的监督管理是否满意(C₁₀)、对耕地保护补偿资金使用要求是否满意(C₉)、对耕地保护补偿标准是否满意(C₃)和对耕地保护补偿资金分配是否满意(C₇);③ 建立耕地保护补偿政策实施绩效评价指标体系,并采用熵权改进的TOPSIS 法和障碍度模型对其进行评价,是合理可行的。不仅如此,通过障碍因子诊断,其指标评价信息可以揭示出耕地保护补偿政策存在的绩效问题,有利于促进耕地保护补偿政策绩效的进一步提升和完善。     

目的地方言感知、品牌个性对游客忠诚的影响——游客满意的中介作用

选取西安为案例地,根据自我调节态度理论构建研究框架,探究游客对旅游目的地的方言感知与品牌个性的结构维度,进而揭示旅游目的地方言感知与品牌个性对旅游者满意度、忠诚度的内在影响机制。结果发现:(1)西安的目的地个性由历史文化、现代气息、闲适、活力和高雅5个维度构成。(2)游客对目的地方言的感知能够对目的地个性认知产生显著积极影响。(3)目的地品牌个性对游客满意有直接影响,并通过游客满意的中介作用间接影响游客忠诚。(4)目的地方言感知直接影响游客满意,同样通过游客满意的中介效应对游客忠诚产生间接作用。(5)目的地方言感知可通过目的地品牌个性和游客满意度链式中介作用于游客忠诚。     

乌鲁木齐城市生态环境质量评价

以可持续发展理论为指导,结合生态城市建设要求提出了乌鲁木齐市生态环境质量评价指标体系.通过采用问卷调查法确定各指标的权重,运用生态满意度的方法,评价分析了乌鲁木齐市主要的生态环境问题,乌鲁木齐市的生态环境质量.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市的生态环境总体状况一般,自然环境较差.     

我国游客满意度研究述评

通过对国内关于游客满意度文献的分析,回顾了国内游客满意度的研究进程,得出国内游客满意度的研究内容主要集中在游客满意度测评体系及模型研究、旅游地游客满意度实证研究两大方面,并对游客满意度实证研究文献的研究方法和理论依据进行了总结,最后分析了国内游客满意度研究存在的不足和今后的发展趋势。