杭州西溪湿地CH4、CO2通量及其主要影响因子

本研究采用便携式温室气体分析仪连接通量箱在线监测杭州西溪湿地CH_4、CO_2通量日变化及季节变化,同时也对包括有机碳含量、湿度、孔隙度、比重、p H、Eh在内的潜在影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,通常情况下,CH_4、CO_2通量的变化分别为-0.001 9~0.035 3mg/(m~2·h)和-109.76~442.55mg/(m~2·h);CH_4、CO_2通量的变化存在明显正相关关系。CH_4通量的季节变化表现为夏季秋季春季冬季;CO_2通量的季节变化表现为夏季春季冬季秋季。土壤湿度是影响CH_4通量变化的重要因子,通常湿度越大,CH_4通量越大;在生长季维管植物有助于CH_4的氧化;西溪湿地土质差异也使CH_4、CO_2通量排放有所差异,具体表现在土壤有机碳含量相差较大,而土壤中有机碳的含量与CH_4产生潜力呈显著正相关。     

Benthic Infaunal Composition and Distribution at an Intertidal Wetland Mudflat

Benthic infaunal communities at Mai Po Inner Deep Bay mudflat, Hong Kong were investigated between August 2002 and August 2003. A total of 55 species belonging to 8 Phyla from more than 99,074 specimens were recorded. The species richness varied between 13 at Station B in August 2002 and 28 at Station D in August 2003 with an average of 21 across the mudflat and the species diversity was low [H′(log₂) = 0.7–3.5 with an average H′ = 2.4]. Seasonal variations were also observed through abundance and biomass across the mudflat among the seasons. The abundance density was between 8,977 individuals m⁻² at Station D in February 2003 and 77,256 individuals m⁻² at Station B in November 2002 and the overall average density was 25,274 individuals m⁻² for the four stations. The benthic infauna were dominated by pollution tolerant species at this wetland mudflat.     

基于模糊可拓方法的泥石流危险度区划研究

泥石流危险度区划是一个复杂的问题，影响泥石流危险度的诸多因素中既有定性描述的，也有定量描述的，因此，必须将定性与定量描述有机地结合起来，才能获得较为合理的区划结果。本文将模糊数学与可拓方法相结合，在物元理论、可拓集合论和关联函数的基础上，利用区域泥石流危险度等级分类和区划指标隶属度化使其无量纲化，构造了经典物元和节域物元，并建立了泥石流危险度区划的模糊可拓模型。实例应用表明该方法能较真实地反映实际区域的泥石流危险度等级．     

GENERATED MONTHLY STREAMFLOWS FOR THE MIDWESTERN AND SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT A critical examination of single gage site, monthly streamflow statistical characteristics for two southern Illinois rivers, an Oklahoma river and a Texas river was made using a digital computer at Northwestern University. High flow variability for the rivers was evident in that, for the rivers tested, 8 to 11 months had coefficients of variation in excess of unity. The gamma distribution was not as efficient as the normal distribution for fitting power or logarithmic transforms of the historical monthly flow data (i.e., F^1-0, F^0-5, F^0-25, Fa¹²⁵, F^0.085, and log F). No single transform to a normal distribution was adequate for all twelve monthly flows, since definite seasonal grouping patterns were found for the four rivers examined. The highly variable flow in the low-flow season(s) indicated much more skewness than was typical of the remainder of the year. For the low-flow seasons, the higher-root (smaller exponent) transforms were particularly useful. Flows were generated from a linear regression model of lag one utilizing two or more transforms for the twelve periods. The definite seasonal patterns found historically were reproduced quite well in the generated streamflows. The effect of a change in data transform from one season to the next was insignificant after one month. Thus the use of different transforms within the year did not bias the results from the linear regression model appreciably, but did help in reproducing the seasonal distribution pattern. The technique seems especially well suited for rivers with highly variable flows.     

自下而上进行区域自然灾害综合区划的方法研究：以湖南省为案例

概述了当前流行的自然灾害区划方法,提出了基本于单元的自下而上进行了图班合并的方法,该方法通过提取芭本单元的空间邻接系数,对传统的聚类分析方法进行了改进,并应用于空间图斑的合并中。     

胶州湾内外沉积物岩芯中多氯萘的分布特征研究

利用13 C同位素稀释-高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法测定了胶州湾内、外沉积物岩芯中多氯萘(PCNs)异构体的含量,对其同系物分布、可能来源、沉积通量及毒性当量进行了初步探讨,并研究了由各类来源PCNs进入到胶州湾的历史沉积趋势.结果表明,胶州湾内、外沉积物岩芯中∑PCNs含量范围分别为3.9～56.4 Pg·g-1...     

包头市环境综合功能区划初探

本次研究在综合评价包头市区域生态环境现状特征、生态服务功能重要性与生态系统脆弱性空间规律的基础上,根据不同区域的资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力,将国土空间开发格局划分为优化提升区、重点开发区、适度发展区和生态保护区四类环境功能区,并通过确定区域功能定位,明确管理方向,优化空间结构,实现有限集约开发,协调人地关系,构建人口、经济、资源环境相协调的空间合理开发格局。     

三峡小江回水区叶绿素a季节变化及其同主要藻类的相互关系

通过分析三峡小江回水区2007年5月～2008年4月115个样品叶绿素a的季节特点,提出了适用于表征小江回水区叶绿素a与不同藻类细胞密度和生物量的3种状态：Chla≤5 μg·L^-1、5 μg·L^-1-1和Chla>19 μg·L^-1,目的是探讨小江回水区不同水平下Chla与同期各主要藻类细胞密度和生物量的相互关系,为进一步了解三峡水库特定水域藻类季节演替特征提供参考. 全年数据下,小江回水区藻类总细胞密度、生物量和叶绿素a间均呈极显著的正相关关系（R>>0.70,Sig.≤0.01）. 研究期间小江回水区叶绿素a、绿藻、硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻生物量均值分别为(9.58±10.77)、(1605±647)、(707±124)、(511±266)和(4019±1345) μg·L^-1. Chla≤5 μg·L^-1的水平下,绿藻、硅藻与Chla浓度呈显著正相关;5 μg·L^-1-1水平下,仅有蓝藻与Chla含量呈显著正相关关系;Chla>19 μg·L^-1时,甲藻与Chla含量呈显著的正相关关系,但其它藻门与Chla含量无显著相关关系.     

基于ISODATA法的三峡库区生态区划

在可持续发展思想的指导下,以生态学理论为基本依据,探讨了生态区划的原则、指标和方法。采用ISODATA法结合SPSS100中的层次聚类分析软件包,选择生态环境指标、社会发展指标和经济发展指标等20个定性、定量指标,利用数量化评分标准将三峡库区划分为4个生态类型区,并对各生态类型区的主要特征进行分析,应用ArcGIS绘制出三峡库区生态区划图,结果表明第I区生态类型较好。研究指出三峡地区生活在生态安全质量较高的人口约有28万多人,只占库区总人口的17%;此外通过对各区生态经济特征的综合评价结果,可以看出各区主要以山地、丘陵地为主,而且水土流失面积占60%左右,三峡库区生态安全形势十分严峻。旨在为生态分区评价以及三峡库区生态安全建设提供参考,提出加强山地丘陵的综合治理、控制水土流失及降低污染是优化三峡库区生态状况的关键。     

北黄海浮游植物吸收系数的季节性变化研究

利用2007年1、4、7和10月份对北黄海中部长海县附近海域的浮游植物吸收系数及叶绿素a浓度实测数据,分析了该海域浮游植物吸收系数的季节性变化。结果表明,浮游植物特征吸收光谱存在明显的季节性差异,冬季和春季吸收光谱蓝光和红光吸收峰较为平坦,夏季和秋季并未发现这一现象。此外,浮游植物吸收系数波段关系分析中,以440 nm为参考波段并采用二阶函数拟合的相关性最高。675 nm波段浮游植物吸收系数与叶绿素a浓度乘幂拟合的相关性高于440 nm。不同季节数据拟合得到的经验系数存在较大差别,与浮游植物生长区域的环境因子变化有直接关系。