顺丁橡胶塑化起火及处置技术

对顺丁橡胶生产过程中的塑化原因进行分析,提出了预防塑化及塑化后起火的处置技术。     

应对大型油罐特大火灾的研究——LASTFIRE项目组简介

简要介绍了LASTFIRE项目组的成立背景、组织结构、研究领域、研究目的、研究思路、研究进展等内容,总结了该项目组近几年的研究成果,指出我国的相关企业或研究机构应积极参与这种国际研究组织,实现研究国外资源共享,共同提高大型储罐的安全技术和管理水平。     

石化生产装置微量泄漏检测方法及应用

以石化装置为例介绍了生产装置微量泄漏的含义、适用的检测仪器种类以及泄漏检测的具体做法。通过实际检测数据的分析。说明了微量泄漏检测对设备管理、工艺改造的促进作用。     

Inhibiting effects by Fe2O3 on combustion and explosion characteristics of ABS resin

The global increase in the use of, and reliance on, plastics has prompted the demand for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin in various fields. With this increased requirement, numerous failures have occurred in the ABS process. Those incidents, resulting from electrostatic discharge, powder accumulation, heat accumulation, construction sparks, and plant fires, have caused dust fire and explosions.In this study, the ABS resin was gleaned from the site and tested for its explosion parameters, including minimum ignition temperature of dust cloud (MIT_C), minimum ignition energy (MIE), and minimum explosion concentration (MEC). To improve loss prevention in the manufacturing process, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) as an inert additive was added in the ABS powder. According to the MIE test, Fe₂O₃ has an apparent inhibiting effect on dust explosion for the ABS dust. With the proportion of Fe₂O₃ increased from 25 to 50 mass% in ABS, the MIE increased from 67 to 540 mJ. The explosion tests via 20-L apparatus indicated that Fe₂O₃ mixed with ABS could not increase the MEC significantly. However, the explosion pressure dropped by increasing in the ratio of Fe₂O₃ in ABS. This inerting strategy of ABS was deemed to substantially lessen the probability and severity of fire and explosion.     

多源数据支持下城市火灾风险评估及规划响应

为探析城市火灾风险的空间格局特征,提出科学的火灾防控体系,以合肥市为研究对象,基于火灾风险兴趣点(POI)数据、NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光影像数据、消防站与道路信息等多源数据,运用SAVEE模型和迭代方程评估城市火灾风险,并引入区位-配置(L-A)模型,从不同目标情境优化消防站点布局。研究表明:火灾高风险区主要集中于合肥市二环以内的建成区,尤其是老城区、合肥西站片区、政务区、科学城和东部新中心等区域;现有48座消防站对研究区内的POI覆盖效果较好,覆盖率为86.76%,而对NPP/VIIRS覆盖效果一般,覆盖率仅为55.94%,覆盖率在合肥市东北部、西北部和南部部分地区仍有不足;基于最大化覆盖模型,规划新增44座消防站,明显提升5 min响应时间的覆盖率,可进一步夯实城市消防安全。     

Quantified risk assessment on life and property loss from road collision vehicle fires with hydrogen-fueled tank

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles pose hazards different from conventional vehicles. This paper performs a risk assessment on road collision vehicle fires with hydrogen-fueled tank of 70 MPa. The high voltage battery fire caused by road collision can lead to onboard hydrogen release or explosion. Events progressions are analyzed and typical hydrogen consequences are evaluated quantitatively, including hydrogen jet fires and tank catastrophic rupture. Perimeters around the accident scene are proposed for the safety of general public and first responders, respectively. Risks of fatalities, injuries, and damages are all quantified in financial terms to make it possible to combine and compare.     

煤田火区塌陷区渗透系数分布研究

通过分析煤田火区地表下沉量和破碎岩块孔隙率的关系,对地表下沉量进行测量,分析计算得到火区破碎岩块孔隙率的分布方程。在实验室中测量不同孔隙率破碎岩块的渗透系数,拟合建立渗透系数和孔隙率的关系方程,利用求得的关系方程和通过地表下沉量测量法得到的孔隙率分布方程,求得煤田火区塌陷区破碎岩块的渗透系数分布方程。     

地下煤火回风裂隙火风压分布实验研究

利用煤田露头火区模拟实验装置,通过对煤火燃烧过程中出风裂隙内气体温度的监测,发现裂隙内气体的温度沿裂缝逐渐降低并成指数衰减分布。通过分析得到火区裂隙温度的分布方程并计算得到了裂隙内火风压分布方程,得出煤田火区火风压的影响因素主要有自燃煤层温度、自燃深度和裂隙倾角。     

不同组成木质陶瓷对去除城市生活污水二级出水中有机物及氮磷的研究

以小麦秸秆、凹凸棒石、针铁矿为原料,以酚醛树脂为黏结剂,通过复合、热压、烧结等工艺过程制备出不同成分的木质陶瓷,并利用该系列木质陶瓷对城市二级出水中的有机物及氮磷进行吸附实验研究。结果表明,900℃下的木质陶瓷[m(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶1∶1]COD及NH_3-N的吸附效果最佳,2 h可达吸附平衡,投加量为8 g/L时COD去除率达66.48%,投加量为6 g/L时氨氮去除率为69.72%,且酸性条件不利于COD的吸附,NH_3-N的最佳吸附p H范围是2~11。800℃下的木质陶瓷[(麦秸)∶m(凹凸棒石)∶m(针铁矿)=1∶2∶0]P的吸附效果最佳,15 min可达吸附平衡,投加量为6 g/L时总P去除率可达99.69%,p H值、转速、温度对吸附磷影响不大。     

基于PCA-FPP-BP神经网络的高层建筑火灾安全评价

为解决高层建筑构造复杂、人员密度大、火灾触发因素繁多而造成高层建筑火灾安全评价困难的问题,本文提出基于PCA-FPP-BP神经网络的高层建筑火灾安全评价模型。首先运用主成分分析(PCA)对构建的高层建筑火灾安全评价指标降维处理,筛选主要信息;接着基于三角模糊数构建模糊评判矩阵,利用模糊优先规划(FPP)求解指标的权重值,减少主观的影响;最后考虑到指标间关系错综复杂彼此交叉和反馈的特性,选择BP神经网络对高层建筑火灾安全进行评价。通过工程案例证明该评价模型的实用性以及可靠性。