The effect of outdoor air pollutants and greenness on allergic rhinitis incidence rates: a cross-sectional study in Seoul,Korea

Air pollution poses a serious threat to human health in Asia. This study analyzes the association of air pollutants and greenness with incidence rates of allergic rhinitis in Seoul at the administrative district level to gain insight into district-level urban policies to improve public health. A spatial regression model is constructed to investigate the correlation between allergic rhinitis incidence rates and five air pollutants measured at 128 air pollution monitoring stations around Seoul: sulfur dioxide (SO₂), particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM₁₀), ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO). The allergic rhinitis incidence data are derived from the National Health Insurance Service’s database that includes the number of allergic rhinitis-related clinic visits by the patients over 20 years of age and living in Seoul. A kriging geostatistical interpolation was used to estimate average air pollution level of 423 administrative districts. To assess pollen concentrations that can affect allergic rhinitis, the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is measured based on the urban greenness. The model, controlling for built environment and socio-economic attributes, identifies the possibility of a weak association between allergic rhinitis incidence rates and carbon monoxide levels. The NDVI value is negatively correlated with allergic rhinitis incidence rates, implying a complicated aspect in relation to the effect of urban greenness.     

双锥形管接头角度参数对管路密封的影响分析

根据金属密封的基本条件,应用非线形有限元分析软件Msc．Marc,针对联接导管位置不同的两种双锥形管接头密封管路联接结构,计算分析双锥形管接头锥角和锥角差对管路密封性能的影响。计算结果表明,轴向预紧力随锥角或锥角差的增大而增大,密封系统承载内压能力随之下降。     

扎龙湿地水量平衡分析

对扎龙湿地1956-2000年的水循环要素特征进行分析,并计算了扎龙湿地在自然条件下的水量平衡关系。结果表明,扎龙湿地在研究时段内蓄水量总体呈下降趋势,蓄水量平均每年减少16.8×106m₃。大气降水是扎龙湿地的主要水源,占总来水量的61.5%,其次是上游乌裕尔河和双阳河的河川径流量,占36.5%,区间径流很小,只占2.0%;扎龙湿地的主要耗水项是蒸散(发),占总耗水的74.4%,其次是渗漏,占14.5%,下游出流只占11.1%。     

A Comprehensive Approach to Identifying Monitoring Priorities of Small Landbirds on Military Installations

Military installations provide important native habitat for songbirds, including many species that have experienced population declines in recent decades. As part of the Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) program to monitor animal populations on military lands, we surveyed small (<250 g) breeding landbirds on 60 permanent plots on the Fort Riley Military Installation in northeastern Kansas from 1991 to 2002. During this period, species richness averaged 39.0 species (SE 0.9)/year and mean species richness per plot ranged from 3.6 species (SE=0.2)/plot (1999) to 7.5 species (SE=0.3)/plot (1992). Turnover (the appearance and disappearance of species on all plots from one year to the next) ranged from 5 species (2000–2001) to 16 species (1992–1993) and was driven primarily by turnover of woodland species. We developed an index of relative difference (C) to evaluate relative trends of local populations and found that 25 species declined, 15 species increased, and 7 did not change. Based on migration assemblages, more resident species (6 of 10) and more short-distant migrants (9 of 12) decreased than long-distance migrants (10 vs. 11). Our analysis of major vegetation communities on plots showed few changes in the quantity of habitats (grassland vs. woodlands) during the study. Our results indicate that Fort Riley provides important habitats for many landbirds, particularly those that require grasslands for breeding. Several species exhibited local declines when compared to the regional Breeding Bird Survey routes. We offer an approach that evaluates population changes of small landbirds and provides objective inputs for conservation directives. These can be adopted easily for use on military installations (that use LCTA), parks, and wildlife refuges that have data from annual breeding bird surveys.     

Diversity and adaptation of shelters in transitional settlements for IDPs in Afghanistan

The diversity of shelters used in transitional settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Herat, Afghanistan is described. The information is based on a field survey undertaken in March 2002 and highlights the adaptation techniques, which IDPs undertake to improve any provided shelter. Potential areas for improvement are indicated; for example, the possibility for using insulated, demountable liners to prevent cold-related deaths without sacrificing shelter flexibility along with the likely need for better agency coordination of the shelter responses they provide. The wider context in which the technical recommendations would be implemented must also be considered. Such issues include agency resources, political impediments to providing the desired option, and the preference of many IDPs that the best shelter would be their home.     

厦门九州大厦工程深井降水技术剖析

本文提出了在沿海地区滨海相地层中深井降水的设计方法，深刻剖析了影响降水的诸多因素，并结合九州大厦工程实例加以验证，为类似工程提供了可借鉴的方法。     

城市人居环境可持续发展评价研究——以大连市为例

城市人居环境的可持续发展是现代城市建设和发展的最终目标。本文建立了城市人居环境可持续发展的评价指标体系及评价模型 ;通过对大连市城市人居环境实地调查 ,运用Fuzzy方法对大连市城市人居环境可持续发展进行评价分析 ,确定了城市人居环境发展阶段 ;根据评价结果 ,结合大连市人居环境的具体情况 ,提出了大连市城市人居环境可持续发展的对策     

城市居民旅游需求差异影响因素的灰色关联分析

对旅游资源和旅游市场的开发设计，必须要以影响旅游需求的因素分析作为科学依据。从出游率和旅游人均花费两方面对我国39个主要城市的居民旅游需求进行差异分析。在此基础上，利用灰色关联分析方法分析了城市居民旅游需求差异的主要影响因素。分析结果表明，城市居民旅游需求差异与城市居民的生活水平、人口数量、交通运输状况是密切相关的，其中居民消费水平是影响城市居民旅游需求差异的主导因素。     

不同尺度的区域城镇土地基准地价平衡研究

区域基准地价平衡是区域城镇基准地价评估的重要内容，对地价管理具有重要的现实意义。分析了不同尺度基准地价平衡的内涵、实质及不同尺度平衡的机理，运用多种方法从宏观尺度的城镇间基准地价平衡、中观尺度的土地级别之间基准地价平衡、微观尺度地块间的区片价平衡进行了研究。以广西县级市——桂平市为例，对桂平市所辖的28个城镇基准地价平衡进行了实例研究，为区域城镇基准地价平衡提供了实用的模式与方法，为培育、发展城镇土地市场奠定了基础。     

矿区浅层地下水污染机理探讨

通过对煤矿建设项目和发展规划项目做的环境影响评价和对重点煤矿的现场调查,揭示了矿区浅层地下水污染的内在形成机理:开采引起地表沉陷是主导因素;地下水位埋深浅,潜水含水层下伏的隔水层稳定,只变形而不破裂是客观条件;地下水变成地表水,从而改变水的存在形式,致使水体极易遭受强烈的污染则是根本原因。针对地下水的保护问题,提出具体的对策和办法:加强矿区的环境管理、及时回填采煤沉陷坑,加强对浅层地下水的利用和人工降低地下水位等措施。上述措施如与煤矿建设项目同时实施,则煤矿区的地下水安全、环境保护都会实现。