谭裕沟隧道VOCs污染特征和排放因子研究

在谭裕沟隧道实验中,采集和分析了隧道内在一定机动车流量和构成情况下近70种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的浓度,研究了VOCs的污染特征并计算了其排放因子.      

Numerical simulation of an array of fences in Saemangeum reclaimed land

This paper discusses about the quantitative effect of windbreak fences on wind velocity in the reclaimed land at Saemangeum in South Korea. Windbreak fences were constructed in the reclaimed land to reduce the wind velocity to prevent the generation and diffusion of dust. However, up to this time, no in-depth studies were conducted to quantitatively measure the effect of the windbreak fences on wind velocity thus an optimum windbreak structure is not yet determined. Using CFD simulations, the effects of fence porosity, fence height, and the distance between the adjacent fences were investigated. A wind tunnel experiment was initially conducted and data gathered were used to develop the CFD models. From the experiments and CFD simulations, the overall percentage difference of the measured velocities was 7.20% which is generally acceptable to establishing the reliability of the CFD models. The reduction effect on wind velocity was measured in between the adjacent fences up to a height of 0.6 m from the ground surface. In terms of porosity ( = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6), 0.2 was found to be the optimum value. Conversely, the effect of fence height (0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 m) showed no significant difference; therefore, 0.6 m height is recommended. In addition, the reduction effect of distance between the adjacent fences (2, 4 and 6 m) on wind velocity having a 0.2 porosity has decreased to about 75% regardless of the distance. In the case of the reclaimed land in Saemangeum, a decrease of 75% can prevent the generation and diffusion of dusts. However, the source of dusts is very large. Therefore, constructing an array of windbreak with 6 m distance between them is deemed necessary.     

基于风网的自学习动态监测系统分析

煤矿井下巷道风速是随时变化的,主要规律是一种围绕某一平均值的上下起伏的平稳随机过程,其表现为平均风速和脉动风速,风速传感器最大限度地反映了井下主要巷道风速信息。我们将井下风速传感器与通风解算技术相结合,对全矿井的风网进行实时计算,从而得到了全矿井较准确的实时分风量分布状况。系统能够将风速传感器采集到的实时风速转换为巷道的实时风量,根据月风量统计结果进行巷道阻力系数的自动调整;系统采用相关分析技术,测定煤矿井下数据之间相关关系和规律,并据此建立预分析测模型,进而进行风量的预测和控制;系统具有自我学习功能,通过不断修正模型参数,将实时井下探测数据用于分析和预测,为安全管理提供有效指导。     

纵向通风对隧道竖井排烟影响的模拟研究

通过开展小尺寸实验以及FDS数值模拟实验,研究纵向通风对不同高度竖井的排烟影响并确定最佳通风风速。通过分析纵向通风风速、竖井高度对吸穿现象、边界层分离的影响规律,讨论了吸穿现象的临界条件。小尺寸实验中纵向通风风速考虑了0.096 m/s、0.226 m/s、0.356 m/s、0.485 m/s、0.629 m/s五种工况,竖井高度考虑了0.133 m、0.2 m、0.333 m、0.533 m四种工况。实验结果表明:当纵向通风风速为0.096 m/s、0.226 m/s、0.356 m/s(对应实际风速0.37 m/s、0.87 m/s、1.38 m/s)时,可抑制吸穿现象,但烟气边界层分离现象随着风速的增加而加剧。吸穿现象临界判据F_(critical)=1.5在本文所测试的纵向通风条件下不再适用,但Ri′_(critical)=1.5依然适用。数值模拟结果表明:当竖井高度为1 m、1.5 m、2 m时,排烟量随纵向通风的增加而降低,而当其为3 m、4 m、5 m时,排烟量先上升后降低,在测试风速为1.5 m/s时达到最高值。     

Physical Modeling of Emissions from Naturally Ventilated Underground Parking Garages

The dispersion of pollutants from naturally ventilated underground parking garages has been studied in a boundary layer wind tunnel. Two idealized model setups have been analysed, one was simulating pollutant dispersion around an isolated rectangular building and one was representing dispersion in a finite array of idealized building blocks. Flow and dispersion close to modelled ground level emission sources was measured. The results illustrate the complexity of the flow around buildings and provide insight in pollutant transport from ground level sources located directly on building surfaces. As a result, areas critical with respect to high pollutant concentrations could be visualized. Particularly, the results show high concentration gradients on the surface of the buildings equipped with modelled emission sources. Inside the boundary layers on the building walls, a significant amount of pollutants is transported to upwind locations on the surface of the building. The paper documents the potential of physical modelling to be used for the simulation and measurement of dispersion close to emission sources and within complex building arrangements.     

隧道施工地质灾害分析与防治对策

根据隧道施工地质灾害成因与特性,对隧道施工地质灾害进行分类,并对其特点进行分析,提出隧道施工地质灾害防治原则。在建立隧道施工地质灾害监测与预警系统的基础上,对常见灾害中的塌方、涌水、突泥、瓦斯爆炸、岩爆等现象提出防治措施,旨在为隧道安全施工提供参考。     

纵向风对隧道火灾拱顶最高温度及其位置的影响

研究了燃烧风洞内不同纵向风速、不同火源功率条件下,隧道近火源区顶部温度沿纵向分布情况。结果表明,纵向风对不同尺寸火源条件下的顶部温度的影响呈不同特征。对较小尺寸火源,隧道顶部温升随风速增加而减小至稳定值;而对较大尺寸火源,顶部温升随风速增加先增加后减小。对于矩形火源,当纵向风较小(0.5~1.5m/s)时,长边平行于纵向风时顶部最高温升大于长边垂直于纵向风的情况;而当纵向风较大(≥2 m/s)时,两种油盘放置方式的顶部最高温升一致。纵向风作用下,顶部最高温升位置向下游呈现"两次移动"特征,即随着纵向风速增加该位置先向下游移动,当风速达到某一值时,隧道拱顶的加热机制由对流和辐射共同主控转变为辐射单独主控,最高温升位置突变回到上游后再次逐渐向下游移动。     

地铁车站及隧道全尺寸火灾实验研究(1)-实验设计

全尺寸火灾实验是对地铁系统的火灾安全性最有效的检测手段。为了研究地铁车站和隧道火灾烟气扩散和控制规律,及检测地铁防灾系统联动的有效性,在地铁内开展了全尺寸火灾实验研究。本文首先对全尺寸的实验设计进行了报道,设计提出了一套切实可行的实验系统和方案,包括火源系统、测量系统及实验测试的指标参数和实验步骤。并已利用该系统在国内多个城市地铁开展了全尺寸火灾实验。在后续文章中将集中报道在不同城市地铁内不同排烟模式情况下的实验结果。     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的隧道瓦斯等级评价

为准确预测穿越煤层的隧道瓦斯等级,以有助于降低隧道施工过程中瓦斯事故的风险。通过分析国内外大量瓦斯隧道工程案例,选取地层岩性、地质构造、煤层厚度、隧道埋深、水文地质条件等5个分级指标作为隧道瓦斯等级评价指标,将熵权法引入可拓学理论中,建立熵权物元可拓模型,并应用该模型对10条穿越煤层的隧道进行瓦斯等级评价。结果表明:应用该模型得到的隧道瓦斯等级与其实际等级完全吻合,准确率达到100%。