Ecological Survey of Coastal I Water Adjacent to Nuclear Power I Plants in Taiwan

A total of six nuclear reactors installed in three power plants, two along the northern and one along the southern coasts of Taiwan, started their operations one after another since October 1977. Owing to the large quantities of cooling water intake into and discharge from the plants, some environmental factors such as water temperature, chlorine, environmental radioactivity and nearshore currents may be significantly changed. Variations of these abiotic environmental factors may influence the biological activities in the ecosystem, particularly doing some kinds of damage to marine biological resources. Therefore, the possible environmental impact upon the biological systems including the fishery resources along the northern and southern coasts of Taiwan should be studied before and during the plant operation.

We have started the long-term programmes of biological, chemical and hydro-graphical surveys of the nuclear power plant sites on both northern (since July 1974) and southern (since July 1979) coasts of Taiwan. the survey items include ocean currents, physical and chemical properties of sea water, primary productivity, specific compositions and interspecific relationships among phyto- and zooplankton, algae, invertebrates, corals, and fishes; and radionuclides in water and biological specimens, and fishery statistics. in general, except for a few events, the operations of the six units of nuclear power plants have not produced detectable effects on the marine ecosystem. Radio activity levels and radionuclides in water and the biological specimens remained the same as background levels throughout the survey period. However, the events of coral bleaching and fish body anomalies caused by thermal discharges were observed respectively along the outlets of third and second Nuclear Power Plants. the purposes of this paper are to report and evaluate these two events during the operations of nuclear power plants in Taiwan.     

关于综合成形指标F值的评价

简要介绍了 F_(81)、F_(835)、F_(838)、F_(881)和F_(882)的定义及测试方法,并用具体数据加以说明。F 值是薄钢板的成形性优劣性指标,具有方向性。其中,F_(81)在评定不同板厚、不同冲压级别的薄钢板成形性能时,显得更为敏感;而F_(83)系列(包括 F_(881)、F_(882)),由于采用同一结构形式的公式,只是因 A 的测试方法不同,对 F 值有微小的影响。F_(88)测试方法简便、准确并易于实现自动化,具有在大生产中应用的前景。     

Heterogeneity in fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS): autopsy confirmation in three 20–21-week fetuses

Fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) is a rare condition characterized by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), congenital limb contractures, pulmonary hypoplasia, hydramnios and craniofacial abnormalities. The present report comprises an autopsy study of three fetuses to illustrate the variable clinical manifestations and neuropathological findings. Fetus 1 had arthrogryposis and no movement on fetal ultrasound examination. Aborted at 21 weeks, the fetus showed micrognathia, bilateral joint contracture with pterygia at the elbow and axilla. Growth retardation and pulmonary hypoplasia were not major features. Neuropathologic examination revealed anterior horn cell loss and lateral corticospinal tract degeneration in spinal cord, with marked muscular atrophy. Fetus 2, 20 weeks' gestation, had fetal akinesia, nuchal thickening, left pleural effusion, and Dandy-Walker malformation on ultrasound examination. Autopsy showed low-set ears, ocular hypertelorism, cleft palate, flexion contractures with pterygia over axilla, elbow and groin, pulmonary hypoplasia, Dandy-Walker malformation, unremarkable spinal cord and skeletal muscle. Fetus 3, 21 weeks' gestation, was aborted for fetal akinesia, neck and limb webbing and severe arthrogryposis. At autopsy, similar facial abnormalities, contracture and pterygia in neck and multiple major joints were found. Borderline pulmonary hypoplasia and severe lumbar scoliosis were also present. The brain, spinal cord and muscle were unremarkable. In these three fetuses, the prenatal ultrasound and autopsy findings were characteristic of FADS. Neurogenic spinal muscular atrophy was the basis of fetal akinesia in Case 1. Dandy-Walker malformation was present in Case 2, but the pathogenetic mechanism of fetal akinesia was not clear as spinal cord and muscle histology appeared normal. The etiology of akinesia was undetermined in Case 3; no extrinsic or intrinsic cause was identified. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小型池塘水-气界面CH4冒泡通量的观测

为了量化亚热带浅水养殖塘CH_4冒泡通量占CH_4总通量的比例,选取安徽省全椒县两个小型池塘为研究对象,采用倒置漏斗法和顶空平衡法,自2016年7月28日至8月13日观测夏季水-气界面的CH_4通量.结果表明,两个池塘CH_4冒泡通量分别是121.78 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和161.08 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),CH_4扩散通量分别是3.38 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1)和3.79 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),CH_4冒泡通量占总通量比例分别是97.5%和96.4%.CH_4冒泡通量具有高度空间异质性,A塘CH_4冒泡通量的变化范围为0.11~446.90 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1),B塘CH_4冒泡通量变化范围为0.05~607.51 mg·(m~2·d)~(-1).两个池塘的气体冒泡速率都是白天高于夜间,主要受风速控制.对于较浅的池塘,在小时尺度上,CH_4冒泡通量的主要影响因素是风速;在日尺度上,CH_4冒泡通量的主要影响因素是风速和水深,其中CH_4冒泡通量与风速呈正相关关系,与水深呈负相关关系.不同纬度的水体CH_4冒泡通量不同,中纬度地区的淡水环境比高纬度地区CH_4冒泡通量更高.通过观测手段量化小型浅水池塘CH_4冒泡通量,可以为准确估算内陆水体对区域和全球碳循环的贡献提供数据支持和理论参考.     

先进冷喷涂技术的应用及展望

首先介绍了冷喷涂技术的原理及特点,在此基础上,重点讨论了冷喷涂技术在不同领域的应用。最后,结合我国冷喷涂技术的发展现状,提出了冷喷涂技术的发展方向,并指出发展先进冷喷涂技术符合我国先进技术的发展需求,有助于提高我国制造业的综合水平。     

长江上游小型水库枯水期水质对景观组成、配置和水库特征的响应

长江流域小型水库数量多分布广,具有重要的生态经济效益,探明小型水库水质对环境变量的响应规律对于提升水库水质具有非常重要的意义.基于长江上游36个小型水库枯水期水质数据,运用相关分析和冗余分析等研究方法,将环境变量划分为景观配置指标、景观组成指标和水库特征指标这三大类,探明其对水质指标变化的影响.结果表明：(1)旱地是NO^-₃-N、TN和TP的主要来源;居民点是TP物质的主要来源;水田、林地和荒草地对水库N、P的截留和净化具有正向作用;(2)旱地最大斑块指数与水库TN和NO^-₃-N浓度显著正相关,水田散布与并列指数、林地散布与并列指数与水库NO^-₃-N和TN浓度显著负相关;旱地斑块密度与TP物质含量显著正相关;林地最大斑块指数与TP含量显著负相关;(3)水库库容、水库平均深度和水库形状指数对水库水质提升具有显著的正向作用;(4)水库环境变量中,景观配置指标对水库水质指标变化的解释率最高(24%),其次是水库特征指标(11%),最后为景观组成指标(9%).流域...     

小城镇可持续发展公平性评价的定量探讨

在分析了小城镇可持续发展公平性涵义的基础上,对小城镇可持续发展的公平性评价原则和指标进行了探讨,并针对一小城镇实例,探索性地构筑了小城镇可持续发展公平性评价的定量分析模型,且对应用中应注意的问题进行了说明.     

我国小城镇可持续发展的体制性障碍及其对策探讨

以小城镇为载体的农村城镇化是我国城镇化进程的重要途径。小城镇可持续发展是我国社会经济可持续发展战略中的重要组成成部分。本文从当前小城镇可持续发展中存在的问题入手。深入分析了小城镇可持续发展的种种体制性障碍：行政等级化的城镇管理制度限制小城镇的公平发展；小城镇政府行政管理体制不健全；土地制度设置的不完善；阻碍了土地聚集和人口聚集的同步进行；小城镇基础设施建设缺少必要金融的支持；小城镇发展规划体制存在较大缺陷，并有针对性地提出了相应的体制改革对策与措施。     

An Ecologically Destabilized Environment: Its Effect on Small-Mammal Populations

Characteristics of the small-mammal populations inhabiting forest biocenoses in the Middle Ural state reserves have been analyzed over in the period from 1987 to 2002. During this period, the habitats of these animals were considerably destabilized due to windfalls and fires. The environmental characteristics of animal microhabitats at different stages of environment destabilization have been described quantitatively. Changes in the long-term cycles of the population dynamics of the dominant forest vole species caused by the destabilizing factors have been found. Redistribution of species dominance with respect to abundance has been demonstrated.     

低山丘陵区水土保持治理与生态环境效应

分析了低山丘陵区水土流失等级分布，水土流失的形成原因及危害，指出低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理要以小流域综合治理为主，阐明小流域水土流失的规律性，以及根据小流域3个地貌单元类型按“三条带”模式进行综合治理：山顶林草防治、山腰经济林带整治、山脚坡改梯治理的技术措施，着重论述综合治理的生态环境效应：明显地保水保土保肥，在降雨量相同的情况下等高种植、坡改梯、封山育林雨强明显小于坡耕地，起始产流时间延迟，径流量减少近2/3，土壤侵蚀量明显比坡耕地少得多。土壤侵蚀携带养分，坡耕地损失量最大，等高种植全氮、全磷的损失量最小；坡改梯有机质、有效氮、速效钾流失量较少，说明坡改梯的保肥效果优于等高种植。林草植被对改善生态系统的环境效应和提高生物多样性功能，为低山丘陵区生态环境恢复和农业可持发展奠定基础。