液化流滑变形模型及初步实验

简要分析了地震液化流滑的灾害问题,初步研究了液化不同阶段引起流滑的机制,建立了流滑变形模型,进行了三轴实验和振动台系列实验研究,着重研究了引起液化流滑的微观机制,以及如何通过孔压变化来判定和识别流滑事件.研究发现,影响液化流滑的因素主要有土壤的种类、颗粒级配和土壤赋存条件、均匀程度以及边界条件等,研究结果有助于进一步加深对液化大变形的认识.     

城镇小型生活污水处理设备及其展望

介绍了我国城镇小型生活污水处理设备特点、分类和几种常用处理设备，对城镇生活污水的处理现状进行了分析，最后指出要使我国城镇生活污水能达标排放，并且能够完成我国近期污水处理的目标，研究开发具有除磷脱氮功能的小型生活污水处理设备是目前迫切需要解决的问题。     

CALIBRATION OF A WATER-BALANCE MODEL FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS IN EASTERN OREGON1

ABSTRACT: The BURP water-balance model was calibrated for 13 small (0.46 to 7.00 mi²), forested watersheds in the Blue Mountains of eastern Oregon where snowmelt is the dominant source of runoff. BURP is the model name and is not an acronym. Six of the 16 parameters in BURP were calibrated. The subsurface recession coefficient and three subsurface water-storage parameters were most sensitive for simulating monthly flow. Calibrated subsurface recession coefficients ranged from 0.988 to 0.998. The subsurface-water storage parameters were calibrated at between 20 to 120 percent of their initial values obtained from a category III soil survey. That reconnaissance-level survey was apparently too broad to accurately reflect subsurface-water storage in small watersheds. Tests of model performance showed BURP is capable of producing accurate simulations of monthly flow for mountainous, snow-dominated watersheds with shallow (< 4 ft) soils when calibrated with 2 to 4 years of streamflow data. A regression of observed versus simulated monthly flows with data from all watersheds combined showed that BURP accounted for 85 percent of the variability in observed flows, which ranged from 0.01 to 20.8 inches, but underpredicted high flow months, with a slope of 1.15 that is significantly different from 1.0 (p = 0.05). Without prior calibration, subsurface-water storage parameters appeared to be the greatest source of potential error.     

小城镇废品回收利用的制约因素分析——关于黑龙江省密山市裴德镇的调查

目前小城镇日常生活中可回收利用的废品主要是通过废品回收部门流向废品再利用工厂.废品回收部门主要依赖于废品再利用工厂生存.规模较大的个人废品收购商对专业化废品收购商的冲击以及废品再利用工厂的收购价格低、技术水平低、有限的收购种类和二次污染严重等已成为废品向资源化产品转化的制约因素.完善废品回收利用渠道和加强政府的支持力度对于促进废品类物质的资源化具有重要意义.     

西北农村地区小城镇人口集聚与人居生态环境研究

运用统计方法,分析西北农村地区人口集聚与人居生态环境建设发展现状。西北农村地区小城镇发展在总体上落后于全国平均水平;今后小城镇发展的战略重点是城乡之间的互动关系,但今后相当一段时期内,绝大多数的农村人口仍将长期居住在乡村;人口集聚与环境协调发展的目标是实现小城镇由外延粗放型发展向注重质量的集约型发展;目前农民住房建设发展阶段为迅速发展时期,并且具有现阶段的迫切性和时间上的长期性的综合特点。据此,提出了西北农村地区小城镇人口集聚与人居生态环境协调发展的具体对策。     

二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形及其控制研究

针对二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形控制困难问题,揭示了沿空留巷围岩变形规律,建立了二次采动下沿空留巷围岩变形力学模型,推导出了围岩变形的理论公式,据此分析了围岩变形的影响因素,提出了支护对策,并进行了工程实践。结果表明:围岩变形理论公式与现场实测值基本一致;顶底板移近量以底鼓为主,底鼓量为直接底压曲量与老底挠曲量的最大值;各因素对围岩变形影响程度依次为巷旁支护体宽度、迭加应力集中系数、采高、采深、老底弹性模量。围岩变形控制对策应围绕关键性影响因素进行,据此提出“锚网索+高强度墩柱+老底注浆”耦合支护对策,工程实践表明,沿空留巷围岩变形稳定,得到了有效控制。     

废旧矿用U型钢改形锚索托盘变形破坏 机理及控制对策*

针对矿用U型钢改形锚索托盘受力过程中发生大的弯曲变形和孔口撕裂,导致锚索支护系统失效的现象,推导了U型钢改形锚索托盘弯曲 变形破坏方程,模拟分析了均布荷载作用下改形托盘的力学特征,发现改形托盘4个角发生弯曲变形量最大,纵向路径弯曲变形明显大于横向, 孔口易发生撕裂破坏。通过数值模拟与公式推导得出,两者计算结果的差值较小,进而提出了减小改形托盘发生弯曲变形和避免孔口发生撕裂 的控制对策。在井下进行现场试验,取得了较好的效果。     

深部近距离煤层上行开采覆岩运动及应力分布试验研究

为深入研究深部近距离煤层上行开采过程中岩层应力分布、断裂破坏及下沉变形特征,根据深部煤层开采的具体工程地质条件,建立了深部近距离煤层上行开采相似材料试验模型,对上行开采中围岩应力变化、覆岩运动及裂隙演化过程进行了模拟分析。获得了下煤层和上煤层开采过程中,围岩应力分布变化特点及分区特征、岩层裂隙富集区主要分布区域及其演化规律,煤层开采过程中切眼和煤壁附近岩层断裂角的变化特征,并得到了两煤层工作面相对位置不同情况下,岩层裂隙富集区演化特点、断裂角变化及下沉变形规律。研究成果为类似条件下煤层上行开采、瓦斯抽采提供参考。     

Nation‐building policies in Timor‐Leste: disaster risk reduction,including climate change adaptation

Few studies have explored the relationships between nation‐building, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Focusing on small island developing states, this paper examines nation‐building in Timor‐Leste, a small island developing state that recently achieved independence. Nation‐building in Timor‐Leste is explored in the context of disaster risk reduction, which necessarily includes climate change adaptation. The study presents a synopsis of Timor‐Leste's history and its nation‐building efforts as well as an overview of the state of knowledge of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. It also offers an analysis of significant gaps and challenges in terms of vertical and horizontal governance, large donor presence, data availability and the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for nation‐building in Timor‐Leste. Relevant and applicable lessons are provided from other small island developing states to assist Timor‐Leste in identifying its own trajectory out of underdevelopment while it builds on existing strengths.