地震应急照片的归集、整理与归档

地震应急工作将会产生很多珍贵的照片,对这些照片的归集、整理和存档一直缺少明确的要求。为了使地震应急,特别是地震现场应急工作的照片档案管理形成统一的管理体系,以陕西省地震局汶川地震现场工作为例,按照（GB／T11821—2002照片档案管理规范》对照片资料的要求,结合工作实践,提出地震应急照片档案管理的思路和实现的途径,以便这些地震应急珍贵图片资料能得到较好的管理与检索。     

Towards a natural disaster intervention and recovery framework

Contemporary responses to facilitate long‐term recovery from large‐scale natural disasters juxtapose between those of humanitarian agencies and governments and those of the affected community. The extent to which these mechanisms articulate is crucial to the recovery propensity of the affected communities. This research examines such action by exploring the relationship between the scale of post‐disaster response interventions, the extent of community participation in them, and their impact on community recovery, using a community wealth capital framework. The investigation was applied to a study of the longer‐term community recovery of the island of Vilufushi, Republic of Maldives, which was almost completely destroyed by the Indian Ocean tsunami of 26 December 2004. Data were analysed through the employment of a pattern match technique and a holistic recovery network analysis. The research framework, informed by the case‐study results, other long‐term recovery evaluations, and existing resilience theory, is reconfigured as a testable roadmap for future post‐disaster interventions.     

基于数值仿真-响应表面法的二沉池优化研究

以长沙市某污水处理厂二沉池为例,采用多相流混合物模型与k-ε湍流模型结合对辐流式二沉池内速度场和污泥浓度场进行了数值模拟.以出水口悬浮物浓度(SS)为响应目标,对影响二沉池沉淀效果的3个影响因素(进水口流速、颗粒污泥粒径、挡板的淹没深度)进行中心复合设计(central composite design,CCD),并经响应表面法分析得到影响出水SS的二次回归模型,确定了二沉池沉降的最佳条件:进水口流速为0.03m·s-1,颗粒污泥粒径为220.41μm,挡板的淹没深度为3.45m,采用数值仿真模拟实验得到出水口悬浮物浓度值为2.4mg·L-1,较优化之前的仿真结果一周平均值6.7mg·L-1相比,其处理效率提高了64.2%.采用数值仿真和响应表面法结合对二沉池工艺条件进行优化研究,可以加速寻优过程,是工艺优化的辅助工具.     

An E. coli SOS-EGFP biosensor for fast and sensitive detection of DNA damaging agents

An E. coli SOS-EGFP biosensor which expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter protein under the control of recA gene promoter in SOS response was constructed for detection of DNA damage and evaluation of DNA damaging chemicals. The chemicals that may cause substantial DNA damage will trigger SOS response in the constructed bacterial biosensor, and then the reporter egfp gene under the control of recA promoter is stimulated to express as a fluorescent protein, allowing fast and sensitive fluorescence detection. Interestingly, this biosensor can be simultaneously applied for evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The SOS-EGFP bacterial biosensor provides a sensitive, specific and simple method for detecting known and potential DNA damaging chemicals.     

浅谈消防队在化工企业大检修期间的应急响应

针对化工企业大检修期间的危险性及救援难点进行了分析,总结了在历次大修期间的消防安保经验,提出了消防队在大检修期间应发挥的作用。     

福岛核电站泄漏事故污染控制与消除的成与败

因地震、海啸引发的福岛核电站泄漏事故产生的放射性污染至今仍在严重影响着日本民众的生命安全与正常生活,且污染有进一步扩大的威胁。纵观事故发生后日本采用的应急处置手段总体上是成功的,但受污染控制与消除技术缺乏等因素的制约,在污染控制与消除方面采取的措施不得力,致使蔬菜、牛奶和自来水受到了碘-131的污染,日本的进出口贸易与民众的生活受到了严重影响,身体健康受到了威胁。本文分析了日本在控制与消除核事故放射性污染方面的做法,并根据中国核事故应急救援技术发展现状,提出了更有利于减轻核事故危害、控制与消除核污染的技术与手段。     

中国社会源危险废物管理现状及其防治对策研究

文章论述了中国社会源危险废物面临的主要问题以及目前的管理现状,主要表现在农药包装废弃物量大面广、管理缺失,废旧日光灯处理能力不足,汽车行业废旧电池未能得到有效监管,实验室危险废物处置程度很低等。在此基础上,详细阐述了如下社会源危险废物的防治对策：从选择政府机关、工业区、商场、家庭等,开展社会源危险废物分类收集和处理的试点工作,开展农村废弃农药包装物污染防治工作,开展实验室废物规范化管理,加大社会源危险废物污染防治工作的宣传教育力度等社会源危险废物的防治对策。     

Engaged Communication Scholarship for Environmental Justice: A Research Agenda

ABSTRACT

As a discipline of crisis and care, environmental communication needs to address questions of environmental justice. This article argues that the most appropriate approach to studying environmental justice communication is engaged scholarship, in which academics collaborate with community partners, advocates, and others to conduct research. The article reviews prior engaged communication scholarship on environmental justice, and proposes four streams of future research, focused on news and information, deliberation and participation, campaigns and movements, and education and literacy.     

Typifying conservation practitioners’ views on the role of education

Education is an established tool to enhance human–environment relationships, despite the lack of empirical evidence to support its use. We used theories of change to unpack assumptions about the role of education in conservation. We interviewed practitioners from 15 conservation organizations in Madagascar to typify implicit pathways of change and assess whether emerging pathways echo theoretical advances. Five pathways were drivers of change: increasing knowledge, changing emotional connection and changing traditional cultural practices, fostering leaders, diversifying outcomes, and influencing community and society. These pathways reflect existing sociopsychological theories on learning and behavioral change. Most interviewees’ organizations had a predominant pathway that was often combined with elements from other pathways. Most pathways lacked culturally grounded approaches. Our research reveals assumptions about the role of education in conservation and indicates that organizations had different ideas of how change happens. The diversity of practices reflects the complexity of factors that influence behavior. Whether this diversity is driven by local sociocultural context, interaction with other conservation approaches, or contingencies remains unclear. Yet, typifying the pathways of change and reflecting on them is the first step towards comprehensive evaluation of when and which pathways and interactions to promote.     

农村外出务工人员承包地处置方式的区域差异与影响因素——基于社会融入视角

我国农村外出务工人员保有相当规模的承包地,如何高效集约利用是农业现代化的基础。利用流动人口卫生计生动态监测数据,在分析省域承包地处置方式差异的基础上,以其社会融入水平为切入点,分析其承包地处置决策的影响因素。研究发现：（1）粮食主产区承包地流转已具一定规模,但撂荒在全国也有相当比例,显性撂荒呈“西南高、东北低”的空间格局,农村外出务工人员承包地处置方式的集聚特征与其流动目的地社会融入水平存在一定程度的关联性;（2）社会融入水平的提升会显著降低农村外出务工人员的自耕意愿,易于形成亲朋耕种、流转等承包地处置决策,但是,撂荒的概率也会随之增加;（3）地方土地流转政策尚不足以将农村外出务工人员转移经营权的意愿完全转化为亲朋耕种、流转等行为,依然有较高概率显性或隐性撂荒。针对这些问题,流出地与流动目的地的政策应统筹考虑。一方面提升社会服务水平,降低农村外出务工人员生计风险;另一方面应积极引导其将承包地流转,避免撂荒造成耕地资源浪费。