响应面法优化超声吹脱处理香兰素生产废水中的氨氮工艺研究

为了提高废水中氨氮处理效率,采用响应面分析法对超声吹脱处理香兰素生产废水中的氨氮工艺条件进行优化,建立了吹脱时间、pH值、超声波功率及气液比4个关键因素与氨氮去除率之间的回归模型。结果表明,各影响因素对氨氮去除率影响程度由大到小依次为超声波功率、气液比、pH值、吹脱时间。确定对氨氮去除的最佳工艺条件为在超声功率90 W,超声吹脱时间90 min,pH值12、气液比600∶1的条件下,氨氮的去除率达到91.60%,与预测值接近,表明拟合度好。试验模型可以用来指导超声吹脱法处理废水中的氨氮。     

GIS支持下广东水体污染与社会经济发展指标的关系分析

利用地理信息系统（GIS）提供的空间数据管理操作和空间分析功能，以广东省1998年，1999年水质状况为例，建立了河流水污染空间信息系统，以地区（市）为单位，利用统计方法建立了水质状况与社会经济发展指标的定量关系，并进行了二者的空间关系分析。结果表明，无论从统计关系还是空间分布上，水质状况与单位面积人口数目、人均工业总产值、单位面积农业产值之间都存在较为密切的关系。通过比较，本文指出了广东省水体重污染区人口密度，工、农业总产值的范围与分布，为分析河流水污染及其影响因素和变化规律提供了一种新的尝试。     

社会体育指导与管理本科专业课程设置探析简

通过文献资料法,对2013年8月申报社会体育指导与管理专业的9所高校本科课程设置现状与问题进行分析,以期提高本专业的人才培养质量。结果表明,各院校的人才培养方案专业必修课和选修课能够满足教育部对本专业课程的规定,但部分院校选修方向与职业联系不密切;选修方向课程学分均不超过总学分比例的10%,不能满足就业需求;课程开设时期普遍偏晚,不利于专业职业技能的形成。建议专业方向课程应与职业教育密切相连,并满足职业教育的需求。     

城市自然灾害应急管理中社会参与的评价研究 ——以太原市为例*

随着我国经济建设与社会建设的较快发展,城市自然灾害应急管理研究得到了越来越多的关注。目前城市自然灾害应急管理的研究多着眼于政府层面,尚未对社会力量在城市自然灾害应急管理中的作用进行详细论证。为研究社会力量在城市自然灾害应急活动中的现状,在坚持政府主导的原则下分析了社会参与在城市自然灾害应急管理中的重要作用,提出了社会力量参与城市自然灾害应急管理的评价指标体系,并进一步构建了基于G1方法的城市应急管理中社会参与的评价模型,对社会参与进行定量化分析。在此基础上,以太原市为例进行了实证研究,根据评价结果了解到太原市社会参与的状况,并找到社会参与做的比较好和存在不足的地方,并提出一些改善意见以提高城市自然灾害应急管理中的社会参与水平。     

稻秸秆制备微生物絮凝剂及改善污泥脱水性能的研究

采用水稻秸秆制备微生物絮凝剂,研究了微生物絮凝剂对污泥脱水性能的影响,并通过响应面分析法优化了微生物絮凝剂与聚合氯化铝（Polyaluminum chloride,PAC）复配改善污泥脱水性能的过程.结果表明,制备微生物絮凝剂的最佳条件为：800mL蒸馏水、200mL水稻秸秆酸解液、4g K₂HPO₄、2g KH₂PO₄、0.2g MgSO₄、0.1g NaCl、2g尿素,在此条件下,微生物絮凝剂产量达0.96g/L.保持原污泥pH值,当微生物絮凝剂投加量为12mg/L,干污泥量（DS）较原污泥提高了59.5%,污泥比阻（SRF）降低了53.6%,表明经微生物絮凝剂絮凝处理,污泥脱水性能显著改善.保持原污泥pH值,当PAC投加量为3g/L,干污泥量（DS）为16.4%,高于原污泥的13.2%,污泥比阻为（SRF）5.4×10¹²m/kg,低于原污泥的11.3×10¹²m/kg,说明PAC对污泥脱水性能有着明显的改善作用.响应面分析结果显示,污泥脱水最佳条件为微生物絮凝剂8.1mg/L、PAC 1.9g/L、pH值8.0,相应DS和SRF分别为24.1%和3.0×10¹²m/kg.实际污泥脱水工程中,污泥pH往往不进行调节,保持原污泥pH=6.4条件下,DS和SRF分别为23.6%和3.2×10¹²m/kg,均优于单独采用微生物絮凝剂和PAC时的污泥脱水效果.     

In vitro toxic effects of heavy metals on fungal growth and phosphate-solubilising abilities of isolates obtained from Phragmites australis rhizosphere

In this research, we evaluated the toxic effect of metal ions on mycelial growth and phosphate-solubilising activity of soil-borne micromycetes isolated from the Phragmites australis rhizosphere using Pikovskaya-agar plates supplemented with four metal concentrations. The diameter growth rate (DGR) decreased as the metal concentration rise for all tested fungi. Trichoderma atroviride had the fastest growth rate (1.48?cm²?day^?1) and was the least susceptible to Al³⁺, Cd²⁺, Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ with a median effective concentration (MEC₅₀) of 12.19, 0.48, 4.51, 11.44 and 50.05?mM, respectively. Aspergillus japonicus was the most tolerant to Co²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Zn²⁺, with MEC₅₀ values of 3.36, 1.095 and 2.34?mM, respectively. Penicillium italicum was the most tolerant to Cr6⁺ (MEC₅₀?=?0.677?mM). The ability to solubilise phosphate remained, despite the decrease in the DGR, and P. italicum and Penicillium dipodomyicola had the highest Phosphate Solubilisation Indexes (PSIs) at 1.97 and 2.12, respectively. In particular, P. italicum recorded the highest PSI of all the studied isolates at 0.62?mM Cr³⁺ (PSI?=?4.74). A. japonicus and T. atroviride were the most tolerant isolates to all tested metals, which suggests that these isolates are promising candidates for further study with regard to mycoremediation and biofertilisation of metal-polluted soils.     

Klebsiella pneumoniae metabolites enhance Microcystis aeruginosa biomass flocculation

Microcystis aeruginosa is a common aquatic toxin-producing cyanobacterium. This study explores M. aeruginosa biomass recovery using bioflocculation. Bioflocculants produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae significantly enhanced aquatic M. aeruginosa flocculation efficiency. Under neutral and acidic conditions, flocculation efficiency reached 90%, whereas flocculation efficiency was 75% under alkaline conditions. M. aeruginosa flocculation was ion dependent, and Ca²⁺ was determined to be the most effective cationic inducer. Negatively charged proteoglycans were identified as the being the functional components in the flocculants. Optimal conditions for M. aeruginosa flocculation were determined using response surface methodology and are as follows: (1) K. pneumoniae bioflocculant dose, 13.3?mg/L; (2) flocculation time, 1.6 hours; and (3) pH?=?5 for flocculation of 10⁹ cells per litre. Bioflocculation using K. pneumoniae represents a promising method to control development of M. aeruginosa blooms. Further in-field investigations are necessary to fully assess its potential.     

Physiological responses of Cladophora glomerata to cyanotoxins: a potential new phytoremediation species for the Green Liver Systems

Due to increased pollution of potable water sources as a consequence of eutrophication and anthropogenic xenobiotics, sustainable water purification is an essential concern. Therefore, the Green Liver System, a natural, economic and sustainable water purification system employing the biotransformation capabilities of aquatic plants, was developed. To expand the capacities and applications of this system, new aquatic plants are continually evaluated for their potential to remediate various aquatic pollutants. In this study, the potential of Cladophora glomerata to internalize cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs) and anatoxin-a, and consequently its ability to cope with the subsequent oxidative stress associated with toxin-uptake were investigated. C. glomerata was able to take up all three of the tested MC congeners as well as anatoxin-a, similarly to previous toxin internalizations reported for aquatic plants such as Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum and Hydrilla versiculata. The antioxidative stress defense of C. glomerata proved to efficiently endure the toxin-uptake with no adverse effects. Subsequently, the uptake potential of C. glomerata was investigated at lab-scale by exposure to the three MC congeners and anatoxin-a collectively. After a period of seven days, 95–97% of the MCs and 100% of anatoxin-a were removed from the exposure media. C. glomerata therefore, is a suitable candidate to be incorporated in future Green Liver Systems.     

低温热水解和超声联合破解污泥优化工艺的参数研究

针对国内低温热水解和超声联合技术应用于低有机质剩余污泥厌氧消化预处理领域的实验研究和工艺参数缺陷问题,探讨了低于100℃的低温热水解和超声波技术联合破解剩余污泥的技术可行性及工艺参数的优化.以热水解温度和超声能量为控制参数,以污泥破解度、溶解性蛋白质和多糖浓度为分析指标,通过Box-Behnken设计实验,并根据响应曲面法(RSM)构建了污泥破解的二次多项式预测模型,进而得到各影响因素作用下的最佳破解工艺参数.结果表明,温度对污泥破解的影响较超声能量明显.低温热水解和超声联合作用下,最佳工艺组合为温度80℃和超声能量12000kJ/kgTS,该工艺下的污泥破解结果为污泥破解度39.01%,溶解性蛋白质1360.59mg/L和多糖334.52mg/L,该结果与预测值吻合度较高,表明响应曲面模型所得参数较为可靠,能够为实际应用和推广提供参考.     

铜和镍对大麦根伸长的联合毒性研究

重金属的复合污染在环境污染中普遍存在,所以复合污染的联合毒性研究对于准确评价重金属污染有着重要的意义.本论文以大麦根伸长为研究对象,探索了铜(Cu)和镍(Ni)对大麦根伸长的联合毒性.基于Cu-Ni混合物的剂量-效应曲线,运用扩展的浓度加和(CA)与独立作用(RA)两个模型对不同浓度组合的Cu-Ni混合物的交互作用及联合毒性进行预测.结果表明,扩展的CA和RA模型均能较好地预测Cu-Ni混合物对大麦根伸长的联合毒性,低剂量的Ni能缓解Cu对大麦根伸长的毒性作用,但是低剂量的Cu对Ni的生物毒性没有显著影响.研究阐明了Cu、Ni复合作用对大麦根伸长联合毒性的效应机理.