2种不同模块化填料组合的多级土壤渗滤系统的比较

以滇池入湖河流污水为对象,研究了2种不同模块化填料组合的多级土壤渗滤系统在不同运行条件下的处理效果差异.结果表明,各系统都具有较好的COD去除效果,平均去除率均在50％以上.沸石陶结系统无论曝气与否,均具有高NH⁺₄-N去除能力,出水浓度<1 mg/L.陶粒红壤MSL系统在8∶1的气水比下,具有良好的氨氮去除能力,平均去除率为84%;在非曝气条件下氨氮去除能力相对低一些,在40%以下.非曝气沸石陶结系统TN去除效果最好,平均去除率在68％以上,最高达到98％.其他3个系统在不同工况下TN去除效果差别较大.4个系统TP平均去除率在30％～90％之间,不同工况下去除效果不同.高污染负荷下,沸石陶结系统（M1、M2）的磷去除能力较强,稳定状态下平均去除率均在80％以上.通过分析系统沿程氮转化效率,探讨了各系统的氮去除机制.     

润滑油废白土的应用探索

针对炼油企业废白土排放污染环境问题,在实验室中利用溶剂进行脱油处理,其脱油率及脱油废渣活性度都较高,但再生后的脱油废渣仍难以重复利用。而利用废白土作型砂添加剂的试验研究,其工业试验结果较为理想,且能彻底解决废渣的污染问题,实现其环保利用。     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

Effect of biosurfactant[0] on the sorption of phenanthrene onto original and H2O2-treated soils

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of biosurfactant on sorption of phenanthrene (PHE) onto the original or H2O2-treated black loamy soil (typic isohumisols) and red sandy soil (typic ferralisols). The sorption isotherms were performed with the original and "soft" carbon-removed soils in the presence and absence of biosurfactant (200 mg/L). The sorption and degradation of biosurfactant were investigated. The result showed that organic matter played an important role in PHE sorption onto the black loamy and red sandy soils, and the PHE sorption isotherms on the "soft" carbon-removed soils exhibited more nonlinearity than those on the original soils. The values of partition coefficient (Kd) on the original black loamy soil with or without 200 mg/L biosurfactant were 181.6 and 494.5 mL/g, respectively. Correspondingly, in the red sandy soil, Kd was 246.4 and 212.8 mL/g in the presence or absence of biosurfactant, respectively. The changes of Kd suggested that biosurfactant inhibited PHE sorption onto the black loamy soil, but facilitated PHE sorption onto the red sandy soil. The nonlinearity of PHE sorption isotherm was decreased in the presence of biosurfactant. Site specific sorption might occur during PHE sorption onto both the original and the "soft" carbon-removed soils in the presence of biosurfactant. It was noted that biosurfactant could also be sorbed onto soils. The maximal sorption capacity of the red sandy soil for biosurfactant was (76.9 ± 0.007) μg/g, which was 1.31 times that of black loamy soil. Biosurfactant was degraded quickly in the two selected soils, and 92% of biosurfactant were mineralized throughout the incubation experiment for 7 d. It implied that biosurfactant should be added frequently when the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soils was conducted through PAH desorption approach facilitated by biosurfactant.     

酸改性粘土矿物处理含磷废水的研究

文章用盐酸对膨润土、高岭土、凹凸棒土及沸石进行了改性研究,对含磷废水的吸附处理结果表明,改性后的实验样品对磷的净化能力明显增强,去除率分别增加膨润土27.45%、沸石19.11%、高岭土39.7%、凹凸棒土11.3%,最大去除率可达到膨润土45.59%、沸石32.84%、高岭土77.45%、凹凸棒土30.9%。膨润土、沸石、高岭土的改性随着酸用量的增加对磷的吸附效果随之增加,凹凸棒土最佳酸用量为3%(体积分数)。处理模拟的废水的结果表明,在改性后的高岭土投加量为0.5 g/25 mL废水时,对磷的去除率达到95.9%,吸附后水中的磷浓度为0.49 mg/L,处理后水中的磷浓度达到废水排放一级标准的要求。四种粘土样品改性前后对磷的吸附特征可以用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程描述。     

粘土基多孔陶瓷吸附处理Cu~(2+)废水

文章以粘土为骨料,蛭石为改性剂,通过添加造孔剂法制备了粘土基多孔陶瓷吸附剂,研究了溶液中Cu2+初始浓度、pH值以及蛭石添加量对多孔陶瓷吸附性能的影响。结果表明:多孔陶瓷吸附Cu2+的最佳条件为添加蛭石1%,溶液pH为5;当初始浓度为20~100 mg/L时,Cu2+吸附率达到82%~62%,吸附平衡时间为1.5~6 h;吸附动力学表明多孔陶瓷对Cu2+的吸附大致分为两个阶段;其吸附行为可用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程来描述。     

使用变频器、软启动器与缓闭止回阀相结合的办法消除停泵水锤

根据某自来水厂水泵运行中出现的水锤问题,对取水泵房、送水泵房、反冲洗泵房出现的水锤问题进行了分析、试验,针对不同的情况,通过使用变频器、软启动器与缓闭止回阀相结合的办法,减小或消除了停泵水锤。     

武汉第四纪网纹红土的稀土元素特征及其物源指示意义

对武汉地区第四纪中更新世王家店组(Qp2w)网纹红土采用ICP-MS进行了稀土元素质量分数测定,分析了稀土元素组成与分馏特征,并与渭南黄土和长江沉积物进行了对比。分析表明,Qp2w网纹红土的REE含量除了受沉积物粒度控制之外,还受风化淋溶作用控制。Qp2w网纹红土的Eu负异常,与渭南黄土相比未出现明显的再分馏;Ce异常出现分层现象,分馏复杂;轻重稀土元素分馏比渭南黄土略弱,比长江沉积物弱得多;轻稀土元素分馏比渭南黄土和长江沉积物显著;重稀土元素分馏较渭南黄土和长江沉积物要弱。总体上,Qp2w网纹红土稀土配分模式与渭南黄土更相似。通过物源计算,总结出Qp2w网纹红土具有风积成因的特点,这表明其有可能是黄土高原黄土朝南或东南方向的延伸。     

废气净化功能材料的纳米组装设计

将聚羟基钛离子插入粘土矿物层间 ,经煅烧形成纳米二氧化钛柱撑的粘土材料。纳米级的二氧化钛可增强光催化能力、材料巨大的比表面积可增强对废气的吸附、通过表面修饰可增强选择反应能力 ,是一种优异废气净化材料     

我国绿色银行立法问题探讨

环境要素已成为考量银行业发展的重要指标,为达到社会可持续发展目的 ,从立法的正当性和可行性出发,以环境保护与经济发展关系的视角分析绿色银行立法中的问题.通过规范分析方法发现我国绿色银行在立法层次、软法特征和制度保障方面的问题.对此,通过坚持绿色银行基本理念、推进绿色银行"硬法"和"软法"沟通协调、健全绿色银行制度保障等...