河水-地下水交互带沉积物中抗生素和代谢产物提取方法优化及其分布特征

河水-地下水交互带是污染物发生富集、降解和转化等生物地球化学过程的重要场所.抗生素作为一类广泛关注的有机污染物,探索其在交互带中的分布特征对认识特殊生境下污染物迁移转化过程具有重要意义.由于交互带氧化还原条件变化敏感,沉积物组成特殊,建立了一种有效提取交互带中22种抗生素及4种磺胺类代谢产物的前处理方法,并对样品初始状态、提取温度、提取液p H值以及有机提取溶剂进行了优化.同时对汉江下游河水-地下水交互带沉积物中的抗生素含量进行分析,结果表明,采用p H=3的乙腈/乙二胺四乙酸二钠(Na₂EDTA)-Mcllvaine缓冲液(1∶1,体积比)对未经氧化的沉积物原样在40℃条件下进行3次微波提取,目标抗生素的回收效果最好.汉江下游交互带沉积物中共检出11种抗生素,其中以土霉素(OTC)和氧氟沙星(OFL)为主,最高检出含量分别为6.77 ng·g^-1和5.81 ng·g^-1.不同交互剖面中抗生素含量的垂向分布差异较大,主要与沉积物岩性、抗生素理化性质和地表水-地下水交互作用等影响因素有关.     

不同土地利用方式对土壤细菌分子生态网络的影响

利用16S rDNA基因Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术结合分子生态网络方法,测定了4种利用类型土地中的细菌群落组成,并分别构建了可视化的细菌网络.结果表明,旱田和水田土壤细菌网络的平均路径长度与模块性较小,而节点数、连接数、平均连通度和聚类系数较高;4个细菌网络均以正相关关系占优,天然林地负相关比例较高;酸杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门中的部分菌群在土壤细菌网络中起着重要的连接作用;4个细菌网络的部分关键节点所属的菌群相对丰度较低(<1%),并非本研究区域的主体细菌;旱田土壤菌群主要受TP显著影响(P<0.05);水田土壤菌群主要受黏粒、粉粒和含水量显著影响(P<0.05);天然林地和城市绿地土壤菌群主要受C/N显著影响(P<0.05).以上研究结果表明,旱田土壤细菌网络规模更大,物种间关系更加复杂,不同利用类型土地中的细菌均以协同合作关系为主,天然林地土壤细菌之间存在更强的竞争作用.水田和旱田土壤细菌对外界环境因子的扰动更加敏感,响应迅速,群落结构更易发生变化;部分细菌在网络间存在角色转化现象,低丰度菌群在构建土壤细菌网络中具有重要作用.     

Ni-MOFs对水中全氟烷基醚磺酸盐的吸附性能及机理

为有效去除水中的全氟烷基醚磺酸盐(F-53B),采用溶剂热法合成二维Ni-MOFs和三维Ni-MOFs材料。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、N₂吸/脱附实验和热重分析对材料的结构形貌和热稳定性进行了表征,采用动力学和热力学实验以及对比分析,考察了Ni-MOFs对水中F-53B的吸附性能,并进一步结合理论计算探究了可能的吸附机理。结果表明,2种材料均具有明显的晶型,其中Ni是以双齿配位模式与有机骨架进行结合,二维Ni-MOFs呈现分散片层结构,三维Ni-MOFs则呈现出块状结构,二维Ni-MOFs比三维Ni-MOFs具有更高的比表面积、孔隙率和热稳定性。2种材料对F-53B的吸附均符合准二级动力学方程和Freundlich等温方程,二维Ni-MOFs的吸附速率常数和吸附容量分别达到0.002 4 g·(min·mg)⁻¹和451.2 mg·g⁻¹,比三维Ni-MOFs分别高出20%和16%,吸附过程以非均质多层吸附为主,受共存阴离子的影响较小。对F-53B的吸附性能与2种材料的构效有关,活性吸附位点和限域作用决定了二维Ni-MOFs比三维Ni-MOFs更优的吸附特性,吸附过程主要受静电作用控制。以上研究结果表明二维Ni-MOFs对F-53B的吸附性能较好,具有良好的应用前景。     

植物种类与水力负荷对人工湿地去除污染物的交互作用

人工湿地去污效能不仅受水力负荷(HL)影响,还与植物种类有关。为研究这2种因素对污染物去除的交互作用,根据植物根系长度,分别构建短根型、中根型及长根型植物潜流人工湿地中试系统,在运行稳定后,考察不同植物种类在不同水力负荷(152、230、305和460 mm/d)下的去污效果。结果表明:植物种类对COD去除率的影响差别不显著,对氮磷去除率有显著影响,且去除率符合长根型 > 中根型 > 短根型;水力负荷对COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的去除均有显著影响,随着水力负荷减小去除率均逐渐升高;植物种类与水力负荷的交互作用对各污染物去除率均有显著影响,且受水力负荷影响较大,TN、NH4+-N的去除在水力负荷较小时交互作用较明显,COD去除的最优HL为230 mm/d。因此,在人工湿地设计时应考虑植物种类与水力负荷的交互作用。     

Morphology-dependent interfacial interactions of Fe2O3 with Ag nanoparticles for determining the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

In this work,we fabricated three kinds of Ag/Fe₂O₃ model catalysts with different morphologies to study the interfacial interactions between Ag and Fe₂O₃,and how they affected the catalytic activity in hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was explored.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the metal oxide supported silver catalyst,with various morphologies including nanoplates(NPs),nanospheres(NSs),and nanocubes(NCs).The crystal structure,morphology ...     

营养物质对铜绿微囊藻生长和藻际细菌的影响

菌-藻"体系在水生态平衡中发挥重要作用,为探明蓝藻水华时期的菌藻关系,研究了原位营养刺激后藻际微生物对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响.结果表明,LB培养基可抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,抑藻率为86.49%;而乙酸钠、葡萄糖和柠檬酸钠可促进藻细胞生长,增长率均在50%以上.对LB培养基和蛋白胨刺激后的藻际细菌进行溶藻菌的筛选,共分离出6株具有强效抑藻作用的菌株,其中Bacillus sp.A1抑藻率高达97.55%.16S rRNA高通量测序表明,向铜绿微囊藻中投加营养物质均可改变藻际细菌群落结构并增加物种丰富度,添加LB培养基和蛋白胨可促使藻际细菌群落数量剧增.生理生化响应表明,藻细胞受LB培养基和蛋白胨胁迫后,活性氧（ROS）水平和丙二醛（MDA）含量激增,细胞氧化损伤严重;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性先急剧上升后下降,抗氧化酶系统受损.扫描电镜显示,LB培养基可使藻细胞逐渐萎缩,最终破碎;而藻际细菌显著增多.因此,在蓝藻水华暴发的水体进行适当的外部营养刺激可在一定程度上实现溶藻菌原位抑藻.     

广西典型岩溶水系统环境中222Rn的分布及指示意义

放射性同位素氡222是来源于地层中铀衰变生成的惰性元素.由于其半衰期只有3.82d,且其活度在地下水和地表水中差异显著,近年来氡在水文学中的应用日渐兴起.但²²²Rn在岩溶环境中的分布和行为特征少有研究.以广西三个典型岩溶水系统为例,研究²²²Rn在包气带、非饱和带和饱水带中的浓度分布和指示意义.发现²²²Rn在上部包气带中的活度不足500Bq/m³,但在非饱和带中有局部异常高区,与局部小地质构造的分布有关.在饱水带中,地下水的滞留时间、不同地下水组分的混合和氡运移的距离等是导致²²²Rn活度差异的原因.管道介质的²²²Rn活度比裂隙介质的高;含水介质土壤覆盖层大的比土壤浅薄的普遍高.在大型岩溶水系统的排泄区,地下水补给河流,河流也可能短暂反补地下水,由于地下水和河流²²²Rn的差异显著,²²²Rn可能成为地下水-地表水相互作用研究的理想示踪剂.     

Effects of Dam‐Induced Landscape Fragmentation on Amazonian Ant–Plant Mutualistic Networks

Mutualistic networks are critical to biological diversity maintenance; however, their structures and functionality may be threatened by a swiftly changing world. In the Amazon, the increasing number of dams poses a large threat to biological diversity because they greatly alter and fragment the surrounding landscape. Tight coevolutionary interactions typical of tropical forests, such as the ant–myrmecophyte mutualism, where the myrmecophyte plants provide domatia nesting space to their symbiotic ants, may be jeopardized by the landscape changes caused by dams. We analyzed 31 ant–myrmecophyte mutualistic networks in undisturbed and disturbed sites surrounding Balbina, the largest Central Amazonian dam. We tested how ant–myrmecophyte networks differ among dam‐induced islands, lake edges, and undisturbed forests in terms of species richness, composition, structure, and robustness (number of species remaining in the network after partner extinctions). We also tested how landscape configuration in terms of area, isolation, shape, and neighborhood alters the structure of the ant–myrmecophyte networks on islands. Ant–myrmecophytic networks were highly compartmentalized in undisturbed forests, and the compartments had few strongly connected mutualistic partners. In contrast, networks at lake edges and on islands were not compartmentalized and were negatively affected by island area and isolation in terms of species richness, density, and composition. Habitat loss and fragmentation led to coextinction cascades that contributed to the elimination of entire ant–plant compartments. Furthermore, many myrmecophytic plants in disturbed sites lost their mutualistic ant partners or were colonized by opportunistic, nonspecialized ants. Robustness of ant–myrmecophyte networks on islands was lower than robustness near lake edges and in undisturbed forest and was particularly susceptible to the extinction of plants. Beyond the immediate habitat loss caused by the building of large dams in Amazonia, persistent edge effects and habitat fragmentation associated with dams had large negative effects on animal–plant mutualistic networks. Efectos de la Fragmentación del Paisaje Inducida por Presas sobre Redes Mutualistas Hormiga‐Planta Amazónicas     

Biospheric influence on carbon dioxide measurements in Italy

The study concerning carbon dioxide measurements taken during the 1997, 1998 and 1999 summer campaigns at two different altitude stations and biospheric conditions are presented. The higher station (Mt. Cimone, 2165 m a.s.l.) is characterised by 360° free horizon and is located on a rocky mountain while the lower (Ninfa lake, 1550 m a.s.l.) is located inside the red spruce and beech forest. The different behaviour of CO₂ at the two mountain stations has been registered. It shows the strong effect of nighttime soil emission and vegetation respiration on CO₂ mixing ratio increases and of diurnal vegetative activity on CO₂ concentration decreases at the lower measurement site. The baseline character of the higher measurement site has been confirmed by comparison of CO₂ diurnal amplitudes recorded at the two stations.     

Direct protein-protein interaction network for insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

In present study, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the key proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. The problem of resistance has not been solved fundamentally, because the development of new insecticides can’t keep pace with the development speed of resistance, and the lack of understanding of molecular mechanism of resistance. As the further analysis to reduce data noise, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. The interaction between proteins located at the same subcellular location belongs to direct interactions, thus eliminating indirect interaction. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the hub proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. This is the first study to explore the insecticide resistance molecular mechanism of Drosophila melanogaster based on subcellular localization analysis. It can provide the bioinformatics foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. It also provides a reference for the study of molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance of other insects.