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41.
In the typical air polluted city of Shijiazhuang,single inhalable particle samples in non-heating period,heating pened,dust storm days,and snowy days were collected and detected by SEM/EDS(scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry).The particle morphology was characterized by the 6 shape clusters,which areirregular square,agglomerate,sphere,floccule,column or stick,and unknown,by quantitative order.The irregular square particles are common in all kinds of samples;sphere particles are more,and column or stick are less in winter samples;in the wet deposit samples,agglomerate and floccule particles are not found.The surface of most particles is coarse with fractal edge,which can provide suitable chemical reaction bed in the polluted atmospheric environment.New formed calcium crystal is found to demonstrate the existence of neutralized reaction,explaining the reason for the high SO2 emission and low acid rain frequency in Shijiazhuang.The three sorts of surface patterns of spheres are smooth,semi-smooth,and coarse,corresponding to the element of Si-dominant,Si-Al-dominant,and Fe-dominant.The soot particle is present as floccule with average size around 10 μm,considerably larger than the former reported results,but wrapped or captured with other fine particles to make its appearance unique and enhance its toxicity potentially.The new formed calcium crystal,the 3 sorts of sphere surface patterns,and the unique soot appearance represent the single inhalable particle's morphology characteristics in Shijiazhuang City. 相似文献
42.
通过近一年来我国大气环境的严重污染,分析了雾霾天气的成因及燃煤锅炉对大气污染的贡献,指出了燃煤锅炉污染的现状,探讨了在锅炉烟尘污染治理方面的措施。 相似文献
43.
本研究采用直接采样方法分别对11辆柴油公交车和20辆汽油小汽车的排气管壁积尘进行采集,再使用气相色谱与质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对样品中的烷烃和有机酸进行定性以及定量分析.结果表明,公交车(C_(14)~C_(30))和小汽车(C_(14)~C_(33))正构烷烃质量分数分别为1.31~149.08μg·g~(-1)和15.35~556.03μg·g~(-1),公交车尾气尘中正构烷烃以C_(20)为主峰碳,小汽车中正构烷烃以C_(29)为主峰碳,且小汽车生成更多高沸点长链烷烃.公交车中姥鲛烷和植烷总质量分数分别是15.24μg·g~(-1)和21.79μg·g~(-1),小汽车中姥鲛烷和植烷总质量分数分别是2.31μg·g~(-1)和2.69μg·g~(-1),公交车和小汽车姥鲛烷和植烷的比值分别为0.699 4和0.858 7,植烷和十八烷的比值分别是0.356 5和0.747 2.脂肪族有机酸的质量分数变化都比较大,公交车和小汽车中其变化范围分别为0.01~40.87μg·g~(-1)和3.8~113.7μg·g~(-1),公交车烟灰中质量分数最大的有机酸是3-羟基丁酸,丙二酸(C_3)和丁二酸(C_4)比的最大值为5.93,小汽车烟灰中质量分数最高的正构烷酸是正十六烷酸(C_(16)),芳香族有机酸的质量分数范围分别为5.05~31.70μg·g~(-1)和0.1~228.38μg·g~(-1). 相似文献
44.
45.
研究建立了超声雾化器与光声光谱仪,扫描电迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪联用的分析系统,将深圳市2011年夏季采集的PM2.5膜样品提取液雾化发生气溶胶,使之进入光声光谱仪检测其吸光强度以研究气溶胶中水溶性有机物(WSOM)的吸光特征.结果表明:观测期间PM2.5中WSOM平均质量浓度为(4.3±2.3)μg/m3,分别占PM2.5和OM质量浓度的11.9%±4.8%和49.2%±18.5%.WSOM在405,532,781nm波长下的质量吸收效率值(MAE)分别为(0.55±0.31),(0.54±0.31),(0.21±0.13)m2/g.经计算所得:深圳市夏季大气PM2.5中WSOM在405,532,781nm波长下的平均吸收系数分别为(2.30±1.08),(2.25±1.26),(0.86±0.45)Mm-1,对应的WSOM对大气PM2.5整体吸光效应的贡献率分别为7.6%,10.6%和5.8%,说明WSOM对PM2.5整体吸光效应的贡献不容忽视,有机气溶胶在大气灰霾中的能见度损害作用值得进一步深入研究. 相似文献
46.
本研究以硝酸铈、硝酸锆为原料使用溶剂热合成法,制备了CeO2-ZrO2纳米棒催化剂(Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)),并用于柴油车尾气碳颗粒催化净化.催化活性检测证实:Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)纳米棒催化剂可有效净化柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒.在Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)存在下,碳颗粒净化率为10%、50%和90%时,所需温度分别仅为375℃、414℃和455℃,比商用Ce0.7Zr0.3O2和Ce0.3Zr0.7O2催化剂性能更优.采用氮吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂进行表征.XRD和Raman结果证实,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)主要由立方相CeO2构成,并掺杂了少量四方相氧化锆.SEM和TEM结果则显示,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂颗粒明显由纳米棒堆积而成,特定的纳米形貌会影响其对碳颗粒的催化氧化活性.XPS结果证明Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂主要具有晶格氧、化学氧和表面吸附氧等氧物种;晶格氧是碳颗粒氧化的活性氧物种,其溢流到催化剂表面可与碳颗粒接触从而提高反应活性;化学氧和表面吸附氧均为表面氧物种,极易与表面固体碳颗粒直接接触,从而可在较低温度下促进碳颗粒的净化.H2-TPR结果进一步证实了XPS结果,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂的低温还原温度比商用Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂更低,且含有更多的易还原氧物种,这些低温易还原氧物种可以在较低温度下参与催化反应,促进柴油车尾气颗粒物的低温催化净化. 相似文献
47.
48.
Preparation methods and thermal stability of Ba-Mn-Ce oxide catalyst for
NOx-assisted soot oxidation
Manganese oxide-loaded and -doped ceria as well as the corresponding barium-modified oxide catalysts were prepared for soot
oxidation in the presence of NOx, and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and NO temperatureprogrammed
oxidation measurements. The activity of catalyst depended strongly on the NO2 production capacity, and the importance
of surface nitrates was weakened without heat transfer limitations. The formation of perovskite-type oxides after the high-temperature
calcination caused the loss of NOx storage capacity for the Ba-modified catalysts, but did not seem to affect the NO oxidation activity
obviously. The addition of barium did not prevent the phase separation of MnOx-CeO2 solid solutions, whereas it inhibited the sintering
of oxide crystallites effectively. This, as well as the relatively high surface area, resulted in a small increase in soot oxidation temperature
for the thermally aged Ba/Mn-Ce catalyst. 相似文献
49.
PM10 airborne particles and soot deposit collected after a fire incident at a chemical store were analyzed in order to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs). The samples were extracted with 1 : 1 hexane-dichloromethane by ultrasonic agitation. The extracts were then subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric(GC-MS) analysis. The total PAHs concentrations in airborne particles and soot deposit were found to be 3.27 1.55 ng/m^3 and 12.81 24.37 μg/g, respectively. Based on the molecular distributions of PAHs and the interpretation of their diagnostic ratios such as PHEN/(PHEN ANTH), FLT/(FLT PYR) and BeP/(BeP BaP), PAHs in both airborne particles and soot deposit may be inferred to be from the same source. The difference in the value of IP/(IP BgP) for these samples indicated that benzo[ g, h, i] perylene and coronene tend to be attached to finer particles and reside in the air for longer periods. Comparison between the molecular distributions of PAHs and their diagnostic ratios observed in the current study with those reported for urban atmospheric and roadside soil particles revealed that they are of different sources. 相似文献
50.