Gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities

This article elaborates on and discusses gendered dimensions of climate change response in Swedish municipalities. There are indications that attitudes and behaviour to the environment and climate change are gendered. This evidence together with our own work further indicates that gender awareness is most probably an important influence on how municipalities respond to climate change. The aim of this study was to investigate if and how gendered aspects of climate change response are integrated in the Swedish response to climate change. The potential causal relationships between a high level of awareness of the gendered aspects of climate change and the levels of climate change response were investigated. We asked whether there is a positive relationship between gender awareness and the quality of the communities' climate change policies and practice. Indications of such a relationship prompt a change in research priorities – paying more attention to gender – and in subsequent policy developments.     

Urban environmental justice through the camera: understanding the politics of space and the right to the city

Using the lens of Lefebvre's spatial trialectics, we assess the utility of photo-elicited interviewing for environmental justice, recognising that a view to social spatial analysis is essential to engaging with the historical processes of exclusion and discrimination that are crucial to explaining why unequal distributions of environmental injustice are systemic and not random. Drawing on insights from our own photo-elicited interviewing-based work in the neighbourhood called Parkdale in Toronto, we make two main recommendations for future environmental justice work using photo-elicited interviewing. First, researchers must be open to a broader epistemology, one that draws on a more spatially nuanced and temporally evolving knowledge of the full range of environmental influences on communities. Second, in order to arrive at a more robust critical analysis of social space, researchers should complement photo-elicited interviewing with historical research about the relevant communities and include participants from other comparative communities.     

图像处理在弹琴蛙(Rana adenopleura)蝌蚪生物监测研究中的应用

利用图像处理方法对不同质量浓度的阿特拉津溶液(1mg／L、5mg／L、10mg／L、15me／L)中弹琴蛙(Rana ade-nopleura)蝌蚪行为进行了图像的识别及分析．根据实验结果，利用MATLAB语言编写了弹琴蛙蝌蚪在水族缸中具体分布型判定的程序，采用了负二项分布的参数κ值来反应不同溶液中蝌蚪聚集程度的差异，并作为该指示生物监测阿特拉津水体污染情况的一个指标．结果显示，该程序可如实反映不同污染水体中蝌蚪的聚集程度：经χ^2检验各种水体中蝌蚪均符合负二项分布，同时阿特拉津溶液中蝌蚪的κ值均小于空白对照和丙酮对照，表明阿特拉津溶液的浓度和蝌蚪的聚集程度相关．图9表1参14     

Spatial cross-correlation of undisturbed,natural shortleaf pine stands in northern Georgia

In this study a cross-correlation statistic is used to analyse the spatial relationship among stand characteristics of natural, undisturbed shortleaf pine stands sampled during 1961–72 and 1972–82 in northern Georgia. Stand characteristics included stand age, site index, tree density, hardwood competition, and mortality. In each time period, the spatial cross-correlation statistic was used to construct cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms for all significant pairwise combination of stand characteristics. Both the cross-correlograms and cumulative cross-correlograms identified small-scale clustering and weak directional gradients for different stand characteristics in each time period. The cumulative cross-correlograms, which are based on inverse distance weighting were more sensitive in detecting small-scale clustering than the cross-correlograms based on a 0–1 weighting. Further analysis suggested that the significant cross-correlation observed among basal area growth and other stand characteristics were due, in a large part, on a subset of sample plots located in the northern part of the state, rather than regional or broad-scale variation as first thought. The ability to analyse the spatial relationship between two or more response surfaces should provide valuable insight in the development of ecosystem level models and assist decision makers in formulating pertinent policy on intelligent multiresource management.     

山东河川径流可持续利用探讨

本文通过对山东河川径流的深入分析研究 ,深刻剖析了它的特点极其时空分布规律 ,阐述其可持续开发利用应考虑的主要因素、开发措施及解决山东缺水问题的根本出路 ,以便科学合理地开发利用有限的水资源 ,解决山东的供水危机     

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展空间差异的研究

本文以经济、社会和资源环境为基础 ,构建珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的指标体系 ,并用主成分分析法 ,分析和阐述该区可持续发展的空间分异规律。分析结果客观地反映了珠江三角洲经济区的发展现状 ,可为决策管理部门制定可持续发展方案提供参考依据     

乌江流域表层水体中汞的形态与时空分布特征

为了弄清乌江流域表层水体中汞的形态与时空分布规律,于2009年1~12月,每月采集乌江流域河流表层水样,采用两次金汞齐-冷原子荧光光谱法和蒸馏-乙基化结合GC-CVAFS法测定了水中不同形态汞的浓度。结果表明:(1)监测期间各采样点总汞、甲基汞、溶解态汞、颗粒态汞、活性汞、颗粒态甲基汞、溶解态甲基汞的年均算数平均值分别为5.20±10.89、0.09±0.20、3.31±10.66、1.89±1.08、0.30±0.36、0.06±0.19、0.04±0.03 ng/L。不同形态汞的沿程分布显示,水库的修建改变了原有的汞的地球化学过程。(2)通过不同季节各形态汞浓度的变化发现,河流表层水中不同形态汞有明显的季节变化趋势。(3)相关分析发现,总汞受总悬浮颗粒物含量的影响相对较大;活性汞浓度的季节变化可能与降雨对乌江水体的影响有关。     

淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫与同步浸提金属的分布

采用氮载气冷法酸溶硫化物分析技术对淮河淮南段底泥中酸性挥发硫(AVS)以及同步浸提金属(SEM)的含量在河流沿程及垂直方向上的分布进行了测定.结果表明,淮河淮南段5个站点表层底泥中AVS的含量为0.14～0.87 μmol·g-1SEM(Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd、Pb)含量为0.5～1.1 μmol·g-1;其中,峡山口站点AVS最低,姚家湾站点AVS及SEM均为最高;从入境到出境断面,[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比值呈逐渐下降趋势,数值都在1.0以上.不同站点AVS在垂直方向上的分布较为复杂,峡山口25 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐增大.之后又逐渐降低,30 cm以下段变化很小;姚家湾表层AVS含量较高,20 cm以上段随深度增加AVS逐渐减小,之后又逐渐增大,30～35 cm层含量最高;石头埠和胡大涧站点AVS随深度变化不大.胡大涧以上4个站点柱状底泥中SEM的含量在0.25～0.9 μmol·g-1之间.对[SEM]/[AVS]摩尔比的研究显示,淮河淮南段表层底泥存在轻微的重金属污染.     

苏州市非农用地扩张对土壤资源影响的时空特征

基于1984~2003年期间的4期Landsat TM影像以及由苏州市土壤图得到的土壤质量综合评价图,研究利用遥感及GIS空间分析手段阐释了城市化发展走在全国前列的苏州市的非农用地扩张在不同质量土壤资源上的时空过程,并比较了城镇与农村地区各自非农用地扩张对高质量土壤占用的贡献大小。结果表明,苏州市非农用地占用的土壤资源中,面积最大的是二等高质量土壤,达到92.10%,其次便是一等最高质量的土壤,而对三、四等土壤的占用比例仅占1.95%,几乎可以忽略。通过对城镇与农村地区非农用地各自对土壤资源的扩张占用在时间尺度上的分析发现,在城镇地区,土壤质量越高的地方越容易被非农用地扩张占用,而农村地区的非农用地扩张则倾向于占用土壤质量较低的土壤资源。