我国环境侵权民事责任制度存在的问题及解决的策略

随着经济的发展环境污染和生态破坏引起的环境侵权问题在我国越来越突出,并逐渐成为环境与资源保护法中最热门的话题,其中构成要件,归责原则,免责事由,民事救济和诉讼时效是其所要探讨的基本问题.     

九江-瑞昌5.7级地震现场房屋安全性鉴定工作的探讨

九江-瑞昌地震虽然震级较小,但震源深度浅,加之本地为历史少震地区,设防水准低,量大面广的非标准砖混和砖木房屋破坏较严重,造成13人死亡和多达20亿的直接经济损失.这充分暴露出我国少震地区城市防御力不足的弊端,经济发展的同时更应注意地震灾害风险的规避.本文介绍了本次地震现场应急工作情况,例举了地震区内不同结构类型房屋在这次地震中的表现和震害特点,并根据本次地震现场房屋安全性鉴定工作的实践和多次地震现场应急工作的经验,对本次地震现场应急工作进行总结.     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术在环境污染物检测中的应用

主要介绍了单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE),包括SCGE的原理、方法及其在环境污染物检测中的应用,该技术可用多种污染物的检测且灵敏度高,具有广阔的应用前景。即SCGE对大气污染物、重金属、醛类及辐射污染的检测,具有高度敏感性,是具有广阔应用前景的新技术。     

考虑SO2环境损害的燃煤电厂脱硫经济性评价

基于“环境成本内部化”的思想，利用广东某燃煤电厂大气污染损害的估算结果，将二氟化硫对环境的损害作为一种环境投资加入到各种脱硫工艺的一次投资中，对目前用于我国火电厂的主要脱硫工艺进行了综合经济评价。结果表明，各种脱硫工艺的投资成本与未考虑环境损害因素时有了显著变化。     

建筑物塌陷损坏评价的物元模型及其应用

矿产采掘和地下水资源开采造成的地表塌陷是一类较为严重的地质灾害,地表的塌陷必然会对依附于地球表层的建筑物造成不同程度的损害,建筑物损害的量化评价是地表塌陷损害工程评估的一项重要内容。本文应用可拓学的理论和方法,基于可拓学中的可拓集合变换和相关函数分析法,给出了受塌陷影响建筑物损害评价的经典域物元和节域物元,并建立了建筑物损害量化评价的物元模型。通过具体的计算示例说明了该方法的应用步骤,并对该方法的合理性进行了验证,为建筑物塌陷损坏评价提供一种新的方法。     

1996年2月3日云南丽江7.0级地震震害调查和损失评估

对1996年2月3日云南丽江7．0级地震进行了震害调查和损失评估，此次地震造成了重大灾害，死亡309人，重伤4070人，轻伤12987人。房屋破坏、室内财产和生命线工程的直接经济损失总计为30．49亿元。     

Pressures,trends, and impacts in coastal zones: Interactions between socioeconomic and natural systems

This paper assesses the status of coastal zones in the context of expected climate change and its related impacts, as well as current and future socioeconomic pressures and impacts. It is argued that external stresses and shocks relating to sea-level rise and other changes will tend to exacerbate existing environmental pressures and damage in coastal zones. Coastal zones are under increasing stress because of an interrelated set of planning failures including information, economic market, and policy intervention failures. Moves towards integrated coastal zone management are urgently required to guide the coevolution of natural and human systems. Overtly technocentric claims that assessments of vulnerability undertaken to date are overestimates of likely future damages from global warming are premature. While it is the case that forecasts of sea-level rise have been scaled down, much uncertainty remains over, for example, combined storm, sea surge, and other events. In any case, within the socioeconomic analyses of the problem, resource valuations have been at best only partial and have failed to incorporate sensitivity analysis in terms of the discount rates utilized. This would indicate an underestimation of potential damage costs. Overall, a precautionary approach is justified based on the need to act ahead of adequate information acquisition, economically efficient resource pricing and proactive coastal planning.     

THE ARMA MODELS APPLIED TO THE FLOW OF KARSTIC SPRINGS1

ABSTRACT: Autoregressive moving average (ABMA) models have been applied to study the flow series of the karstic springs of La Villa, Fuente Mayor (Spain), and Aliou (France). The theoretical meaning of the parameters involved in the model upon applying it to a simplified scheme of the emptying of a karstic aquifer is first analyzed. The types of transformations necessary to apply these models to the flow series that lack normality and have strong periodic components are also indicated, as are the advantages of this type of model and the physical significance of the parameters obtained, with respect to the standpoint of hydraulics, ranging from rather homogeneous aquifers (La Villa) to extremely karstic (Aliou), including aquifers with intermediate characteristics (Fuente Mayor).     

重力式码头的震害预测

本文根据重力式码头的结构地震荷载计算和地震破坏的经验，建立了重力式码头的震害预测方法。并用此方法对烟台港的重力式码头进行了震害预测。     

土-地下结构的非线性动力相互作用——理论及应用

基于土-结构动力相互作用理论，阐述了土-地下结构非线性动力相互作用的基本原理及其建模方法。根据这一方法，对1995年日本阪神地震中震害最为严重的大开地铁车站进行了成灾机理有限元数值模拟分析。分析结果表明：在地震动作用下，车站结构顶板与侧墙的交叉部位，和中柱的顶底端首先发生弯曲破坏而形成塑性铰，使得顶板上覆土的大部分重量传递到由中柱来承担；在由顶板破坏后传来的上覆土重力和地震动在中柱中引起的压应力的共同作用下，中柱发生压曲和弯曲的双重破坏，导致中柱倒塌，进而导致车站顶板塌陷；同时还表明，水平向地震作用仍是造成大开地铁站结构破坏的主要因素。