关于中国塔里木河流域若干问题的辨识

塔里木河流域的水量及水质变化 ,生态环境质量的优劣 ,生态需水量的估算、整治目标的确定等问题 ,一直是该流域资源环境和社会经济的核心问题。对其近 40年来水文观测资料的时间序列进行分析 ,三源流区的水资源量逐年递增 2× 1 0 7m3,但干流上游阿拉尔来水量每年递减 3× 1 0 7m3。水质的劣变特征亦较明显。通过构建生态脆弱性指数 ,定量评价流域生态环境质量表明 ,干流下游已属于生态环境严重受损区。用潜水蒸发和定额法的原理估算植被耗水 ,提出了维护干流区生态环境在不同目标年的生态需水量。认为应当在水资源承载力和环境容量的阈限内 ,合理确定科学的保护方案     

林业安全生产的现状与对策

本文从体制、机构、人员、资源等方面阐述了林业安全生产的现状,并提出了相应的管理对策。     

典型装备温度响应测量及平衡时间研究

目的 研究武器装备在温度环境试验过程中温度的测量方法和温度平衡稳定的时间。方法 利用直接测量方法对3种典型装备进行温度响应时间测量和分析,找出不同类型装备的传热规律,明确其温度环境试验的作用机理,确定装备的温度平衡时间。结果 通过多项试验测试的数据分析了武器装备温度试验应力的选取,在低温和高温工作试验时,整体温度平衡所需时间应适当延长8～10h,高温贮存时间偏短,应适当延长4～6h。结论 在武器装备温度环境试验中,应根据自身性能特点获得装备的真实温度相应特性,在条件允许的情况下,尽可能地敞开武器装备的密闭空间,加快热交换,以缩短达到温度平衡的时间。对于关键及敏感部件,应实时进行温度响应测量,保证试验量级选取的科学合理,为装备环境分析及试验方案的制定提供参考依据。     

基于上限定理的抗滑群桩设计理论研究

针对抗滑群桩设计理论方面存在的问题,即荷载传递及滑坡推力分配的不确定性,基于极限分析的上限定理,给出了一种抗滑群桩的设计方法,即人为增大第一排抗滑桩的桩间距,并按极限土压力公式设计,作用在第二排抗滑桩上的荷载则按照上限定理给出。根据上述思想,并结合滑坡能量安全系数的定义和多块体体系速度场计算方法,提出了抗滑群桩的一种设计理论。     

Evaluation of Maryland's state police impaired driving reduction effort (SPIDRE)

Objective: Alcohol-impaired driving is a significant factor in fatal and serious injury-producing crashes in the United States and many other countries. In 2013, the State of Maryland implemented an anti-driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement program, called the State Police Impaired Driving Reduction Effort (SPIDRE). This enforcement effort consisted of a select team of 7 police officers from the Maryland State Police who engaged in high-intensity driving under the influence (DUI) enforcement. The purpose of this evaluation was to determine the impact of the SPIDRE program on impaired-driving crashes, DUI arrests, DUI adjudicative outcomes, and public perceptions of DUI enforcement.

Methods: Data from alcohol-related crashes, arrests, and adjudicative outcomes of those arrests were used, along with data obtained from public opinion and bar patron surveys, to compare counties where the SPIDRE program operated and non-SPIDRE counties where it did not. The evaluation period extended from 2010 to 2016 in monthly intervals. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methods were used for the data analyses of crashes and arrests.

Results: There was no significant reduction in alcohol-related crashes as reported by the police associated with the SPIDRE program. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the ratio of single-vehicle nighttime to multiple-vehicle daytime crashes in the SPIDRE counties but not in any other counties, suggesting a positive effect using this surrogate measure of impaired-driving crashes. The specific comparison counties as well as the other non-SPIDRE counties in Maryland experienced a statistically significant decrease in DUI arrests during the evaluation period, whereas the SPIDRE counties did not show such a decrease. Further, the arrests made by the SPIDRE team resulted in a significantly higher rate of positive adjudicative outcomes than arrests made by non-SPIDRE officers in those counties where the SPIDRE team operated. There was no evidence that the public was more aware of DUI enforcement efforts in the SPIDRE counties than in the non-SPIDRE counties.

Conclusions: The SPIDRE program appeared able to prevent a downward trend in DUI arrests, experienced by the rest of the state, and achieved higher quality arrests resulting in more positive adjudicative outcomes. The way in which the SPIDRE team was deployed may have lacked sufficient duration and intensity (e.g., only 2–3 months of activity in any given county) to achieve a reduction in alcohol-impaired-driving crashes as reported by the police. It is recommended that the SPIDRE team increase its enforcement activities for at least 9–12 consecutive months in the county where they are employed.     

活性焦吸附—曝气生物滤池处理煤气化废水生化出水

采用活性焦吸附—曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺对煤气化废水生化出水进行深度处理。在活性焦投加量2 g/L、吸附时间2 h、BAF生化停留时间4 h的条件下,总COD去除率为85.4%,最终出水平均COD为45.2 mg/L,满足后续双膜法回用工艺要求（COD≤50 mg/L）。活性焦对致色的大分子有机物具有较好的吸附效果,吸附后废水的色度从300倍降至60倍,同时耗氧速率加快,可生化性提高。活性焦的吸附以物理吸附为主,吸附出水没有急性毒性。三维荧光光谱显示：各单元对于酚类的去除均有贡献,小分子组分中的酚类几乎全被去除。     

多棱插接式钢管塔风振阻尼技术研究

多棱插接式钢管塔具有制作安装方便、占地面积小等独特优势,正在得到越来越多的应用。但这种结构属于风敏感结构,风振特性是设计必须考虑的关键因素。钢管塔结构为空间薄壁壳体结构,其结构分析设计尤其是风振反应分析和风振控制与传统的杆系塔架结构有很大的不同。在静动力分析的基础上,提出利用钢球减振器对钢管塔进行风振控制,基于状态空间描述法模拟了钢管塔受控前后的位移时程反应,时域与频域分析结果表明该减振装置可以使结构的阻尼增加3~5倍,结构的风振反应可减小30%。本文的研究为钢管塔结构的合理设计提供了基础,有助于其在我国的推广应用,同时为行业规范和高耸结构设计规范的修订提供必要的理论基础。     

山仔水库富营养化动态研究

以山仔水库库区水体为研究对象,通过测定水体透明度、叶绿素、总磷含量,应用卡尔森TSI营养指数法和层次分析法,并结合往年监测数据对山仔水库营养化程度进行分析,此外还运用Arc／Info的克里格插值法进行富营养化空间格局分析,最后提出防治对策。分析结果表明：近年来水库富营养化程度不断上升,随季节和降雨的变化出现较大的波动,在空间分布上也出现较大的变化。     

硫酸亚铁法与硫化钠法处理络合铜废水的对比研究

通过硫酸亚铁（FeSO4）法和硫化钠（Na2S）法处理络合铜废水的对比实验研究,探讨了FeSO4和Na2S破络机理、两种药剂的授加量、pH值、絮凝剂（PAM）的加入量对铜去除率的影响,分析两种处理方法的优缺点,以期为线路板厂络合铜废水处理提供参考。     

Assessment of indoor radiation level in the environs of the uranium deposit area of West Khasi Hills District,Meghalaya, India

An estimation of the indoor background radiation dose distribution was carried out in dwellings of eleven villages located within and around the uranium mineralization area of Kylleng-Pyndensohiong, Mawthabah in West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya, India. The ambient indoor gamma radiation level was monitored using Thermo Luminescence Dosimeters (TLDs) while the indoor radon and thoron concentration was measured using twin-cup dosimeters employing Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs). Results obtained from the study reveals that the local inhabitants of villages located close to the mining site receive higher doses than those inhabitants of villages located at a much farther distance from the mining site. The average total annual effective dose was found to be varying from 1.2 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Langpa to 3.4 mSv y⁻¹ in the village of Nongbah Jynrin. The data obtained will serve as a reference in documenting changes to environmental radioactivity if mining is to be carried out in the future.