对国有林场在“三工”合同管理上的几点思考

本文创造性地提出了国有林场“三工”合同管理的新模式,走法制化的道路,首先必须理顺国有林场与“三工”与“三工”组织的劳动关系,依照《劳动法》与《合同法》,分清各自的权利和义务,然后逐步由“三工”组织劳动合同向经济承揽合同过渡,依法解决合同管理中存在的问题。     

Development of a limit state approach for design against gas explosions

The design of topsides against explosions requires the definition of a design over-pressure, however, these values are often treated as deterministic and there is a wide variation within the industry in the treatment and interpretation of the loads.

This paper advocates the adoption of a number of limit state for explosion loading. Events of different magnitudes are differentiated on the basis of frequency and linked to appropriate degree of reliability thus avoiding disproportionate effects from minor events.

The two principal limit states considered are a limit state for all the safety critical systems for relatively high frequency events and a survival condition for low probability events. Parallels are drawn from other branches of engineering where extreme loads have to be designed for.     

RESERVOIR TROPHIC STATE EVALUATION USING LANISAT TM IMAGES1

ABSTRACT: Reservoir water quality is traditionally monitored and evaluated based on field data. Collecting and analyzing field water quality data are costly and time consuming tasks, and whether a limited number of field data truly characterize the spatial variation of the trophic state within a vast water body is often disputed. In this study we utilize Landsat TM data to estimate the water quality and trophic state of the Te‐Chi reservoir in Central Taiwan. A modified multi‐parameter model of Carlson's trophic state index (TSI) was developed for the Te‐chi reservoir. Water quality parameters (concentration of chlorophyll‐a, total phosphorous measurement, and secchi disk depth) required by the model are found to have high correlations with combinations of TM bands. Therefore, TM data are used to map the trophic state of the reservoir. TM‐derived TSI maps of the reservoir reveal that, in summer, the trophic state in the reservoir generally improves from upstream to downstream and that zones of distinct trophic state exist. A trophic state index based on secchi disk depth may give erroneous values in the upstream section of the reservoir pool due to high sediment concentration in the reservoir inflow. We conclude that the Te‐Chi reservoir is eutrophic or worse in summer and meso‐eutrophic in winter. Implementation of best management practices to reduce nonpoint source pollution in the upstream watershed is highly recommended. This study demonstrates the capability of mapping the trophic state in impounded water bodies using the Landsat TM data.     

新疆塔里木河流域生态脆弱带的环境质量综合评价

塔里木河流域是我国生态环境脆弱地区之一,流域内的不同区域,由于物质及能量匹配上不够协调,宏观上表现出不同的脆弱性特征.依据生态环境质量评价的有关原则,结合塔河流域生态环境的实际情况,筛选出20个指标,建立生态环境综合评价的指标体系.通过构建生态脆弱性指数,综合地反映了塔河流域生态环境质量的优劣程度.结果表明,阿克苏河流域属于生态环境改善区,叶尔羌河流域及塔河上游属于生态环境基本平衡区,和田河流域及塔河中游属于生态环境失调区,而塔河下游属于生态环境严重受损区,评价结果符合实际情况,对指导流域生态环境建设具有重要意义.     

河流水质预测的因素状态网络模型研究

建立了一种河流水质预测的因素状态人工神经网络模型,其算例的计算结果表明,这一种方法有着极大的研究意义和广阔的应用前景。      

我国城市污水处理技术剖析及对策研究

以我国近10年城市污水处理情况为基础,并参照国外情况,对排污系统建设、废水治理设施以及污水处理效果等方面的多项技术指标逐一进行了剖析,定量地分析评价了我国废水处理技术状况,并提出相应的对策建议,以求为提高我国的污水处理总体水平提供技术参考.      

利用柑桔加工过程中的废物生产纤维素酶发酵饲料

利用柑桔加工过程中废物提取有用物质后 ,再进行固体发酵生产纤维酶发酵饲料的研究 ,筛选到一株具有较高纤维素酶的青霉菌株。其最适固体培养基配方为 :桔皮∶豆饼∶麸皮 =15∶1∶1,碳酸铵质量分数为 3% ,物料∶水 =2∶1,pH值为 4 5 ;最佳产酶条件为 :培养温度为 30℃ ,培养时间为 84h左右。为柑桔加工过程中所产的废物提供了一条变废为宝 ,解决环境污染的新途径。      

Biochemical composition and early diagenesis of organic matter in coastal sediments of the NW Adriatic Sea influenced by riverine inputs

River inputs influence trophodynamic and biogeochemical processes of adjacent continental shelves. In order to provide new insights on the influence of continental inputs on the benthic trophic state and early diagenesis of sediment organic matter we collected surface sediments in the NW Adriatic Sea at three stations located at increasing distance from the Po River. Sediment samples were collected in four periods characterized by different river outflows and analysed for chloropigment content (chlorophyll-a and phaeopygments), protein, carbohydrate and lipid concentrations, prokaryote abundance and aminopeptidase activity. Sediments of the NW Adriatic Sea displayed high organic loads, tightly coupled with the outflow dynamics of the Po River. A major flooding event was responsible of an enhanced accumulation of organic material on the sea bottom. The resulting increased nutrient load in the sediment impaired organic matter degradation processes. The results of the present study suggest that the enhanced trophic state of marine coastal sediments subjected to riverine inputs are related not only to the increased nutrient inputs, but that they may be amplified by impaired degradation processes.     

基于熵权物元可拓模型的黑河中游生态环境脆弱性评价

针对黑河中游生态环境特点,基于PSR模型,选取9项能反映其生态环境脆弱性而彼此之间相互独立的评价指标体系,采用物元可拓理论和熵权法构建生态环境脆弱性的综合评判模型,对黑河中游各地区生态环境脆弱性进行了评价.结果表明:民乐县和甘州区整体生态环境脆弱性相对较轻,嘉峪关市中等,肃州区、高台县和临泽县较重,山丹县最严重;各地区对不同评价指标的敏感程度也各不相同.评价结果符合当地实际情况.