Depth perception,dark adaptation,vigilance and accident proneness of Chinese coal mine workers

To explore the relationships between human factors and accident proneness of coal mine workers, the depth perception, dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of 239 Chinese coal mine workers were tested and their accident proneness was surveyed with an accident proneness questionnaire. The results indicated that dark adaptation and vigilance abilities of the mine workers declined with increasing age. Vigilance had a significant negative relationship with accident proneness. There were significant differences in vigilance between coal mine workers doing different types of work. Individual difference in vigilance was relevant to the type of work that an individual did in a coal mine. The dark adaptation index had a significant positive relationship with accident proneness. Coal mine workers with weaker dark adaptation ability were also more accident prone. Some ergonomics recommendations concerning coal mine safety management in China are proposed.     

渭河宝鸡市区段阴离子表面活性剂污染研究

本文采用改进的亚甲蓝分光光度法，对渭河宝鸡市区段阴离子表面活性剂进行监测分析。测定结果表明：渭河在进入宝鸡市至植物园断面时阴离子表面活性剂含量较低，日平均值为0．049mg／L，达到地面水环境质量I类标准(≤0．2mg／L)(GB3838-88．地面水环境质量标准)；在流经市区新世纪桥、渭河桥断面时，由于分别有清姜河和金陵河两个支流的汇入，污染越来越严重．在这两个断面阴离子表面活性剂含量日平均值分别为0．34mg／L和0．54mg／L；在即将流出宝鸡市的斗鸡断面阴离子表面活性剂含量日平均值为0．424mg／L，已远远超过地面水环境质量V类标准(≤0．3mg／L)(GB3838-88，地面水环境质量标准)。从监测结果看：双休日阴离子表面活性剂含量普遍高于工作日；清姜河、金陵河污染严重，这两条支流的汇入对渭河水质影响巨大，要治理好渭河，须先治理好清姜河和金陵河这两条支流。     

Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of ozone addition to the double bonds of keto-limonene

The reaction mechanism of ozone (O₃) addition to the double bonds of gas phase keto-limonene was investigated using ab initio methods. Two different possibilities for O₃ addition to the double bond were considered and two corresponding van derWaals complexes (Complex 1 and Complex 2) were found for 1-endo and 2-endo. The rate constants were calculated using the transition state theory at the CCSD(T)/6-31G(d) + CF//B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level. The high-pressure limit of the total rate constant at 298 K was 3.51 × 10^-16 cm³/(molecule sec), which was in a good agreement with the experimental data.     

海洋水体原油污染存在形态及处置技术研究

详细描述了原油在海洋中存在的形态及对溢油事故的处置技术和方法,并结合原油的特性、气象水文条件等叙述了如何选择溢油处置方法。     

某型固体继电器储存性能退化规律研究

选用某型固体继电器在A、B、c、D等4地开展了为期131个月的库房储存试验,跟踪测试了其性能参数。应用F-检验和T-检验对其性能参数的测试数据进行了分析研究,结果表明储存131个月后,输入电流和输出接通电阻在4地有显著性的变化。通过研究4地试验样品性能参数的退化量,结果表明所有性能参数中输出接通电阻的退化量最大;4地相比,C地试验样品的输出接通电阻的退化量是最大的,A地试验样品的输出接通电阻的退化量是最小的。因此,A地最适合该型固体继电器的储存。     

氯代苯胺对斑马鱼的急性毒性的电性拓扑研究

基于拓扑理论计算了7种氯代苯胺分子的Kier和Hall的原子类型电性拓扑状态指数(E)f。通过多元线性回归和最佳变量子集回归方法建立了氯代苯胺对斑马鱼急性毒性(pLC5)0与其电性拓扑状态指数的最佳二元定量构效关系(QSAR)模型,其传统判定系数(R)2为0.978,逐一剔除法(LOO)的交互验证系数(Q)2为0.964。根据统计学观点,该模型具有良好的稳健性及预测能力,用该模型给出的估算值和实验值非常接近,优于相关文献的计算结果。从进入该QSAR模型的2个电性拓扑状态指数(E9,E2)6可见,所建的数学方程显示芳环内=C<及硝基中氮原子(=N≤)是影响其pLC50的主要结构因素。     

炼厂职工安全心理状态研究

探讨了炼厂职工心理因素与安全生产的联系,阐述了可能诱发事故的几种心理状态,从心理学的角度剖析了不安全心理状态的产生原因,提出了安全对策。     

Insights into the formation of secondary organic carbon in the summertime in urban Shanghai

To investigate formation mechanisms of secondary organic carbon(SOC) in Eastern China,measurements were conducted in an urban site in Shanghai in the summer of 2015. A period of high O_3 concentrations(daily peak 120 ppb) was observed, during which daily maximum SOC concentrations exceeding 9.0 μg/(C·m~3). Diurnal variations of SOC concentration and SOC/organic carbon(OC) ratio exhibited both daytime and nighttime peaks. The SOC concentrations correlated well with O_x(= O_3+ NO_2) and relative humidity in the daytime and nighttime, respectively, suggesting that secondary organic aerosol formation in Shanghai is driven by both photochemical production and aqueous phase reactions. Single particle mass spectrometry was used to examine the formation pathways of SOC. Along with the daytime increase of SOC, the number fraction of elemental carbon(EC) particles coated with OC quickly increased from 38.1% to 61.9% in the size range of 250–2000 nm, which was likely due to gas-to-particle partitioning of photochemically generated semi-volatile organic compounds onto EC particles. In the nighttime, particles rich in OC components were highly hygroscopic, and number fraction of these particles correlated well with relative humidity and SOC/OC nocturnal peaks. Meanwhile, as an aqueous-phase SOC tracer, particles that contained oxalate-Fe(III) complex also peaked at night. These observations suggested that aqueous-phase processes had an important contribution to the SOC nighttime formation. The influence of aerosol acidity on SOC formation was studied by both bulk and single particle level measurements, suggesting that the aqueous-phase formation of SOC was enhanced by particle acidity.     

外源亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐在土壤中的价态转化及其生物有效性

采用土培盆栽试验和化学分析方法相结合的方法,研究了外源亚硒酸盐和硒酸盐态硒在土壤中的价态转化及其生物有效性,旨在为富硒蔬菜的开发和硒污染土壤的生物修复提供依据.结果表明,当土壤中外源施入亚硒酸盐时,小白菜不同生长时期土壤总硒、Se(Ⅳ)和Se(0)含量均随外源硒浓度的增加显著升高(p<0.05);而当土壤外源施入硒酸盐...     

天津市冬季颗粒物化学组成及其消光特征

于2013年冬季在天津大气边界层观测站利用Andersen撞击式采样器采集了26 d的颗粒物样品,并进行化学组分分析,同步观测颗粒物吸收系数、数浓度、能见度及其他气象要素. 对比分析了污染日和清洁日颗粒物质量浓度及其化学组成的粒径分布特征,在此基础上,利用Mie模型计算外混、内混、“核-壳” 3种混合态假设下颗粒物的消光系数、散射系数和吸收系数. 与实测吸收系数的比较可知,颗粒物的混合态可能更加接近“核-壳”态. “核-壳”态假设下颗粒物平均消光系数模拟值为(517.44±308.42)Mm-1,其中污染日平均值为(668.39±307.30)Mm-1,清洁日为(275.91±37.90)Mm-1,相对湿度对颗粒物的消光系数有显著影响. 污染日颗粒物中OM(有机质)、(NH₄)₂SO₄、NH₄NO₃、EC和其他物质对消光系数的贡献率分别为30.4%、25.5%、17.7%、8.1%和18.3%,清洁日分别为49.8%、11.0%、7.2%、10.6%和21.4%. PM_0.4~1.1、PM>1.1~2.1、PM>2.1~10的消光系数贡献率分别为69.6%±6.7%、13.9%±3.3%和16.5%±6.4%. 污染日高浓度的细粒子是导致能见度下降的主要原因,其中亚微米颗粒物对消光占据主导地位,(NH₄)₂SO₄、NH₄NO₃、OM是主要的消光化学组分.