Distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands using fluorescent in situ hybridization(FISH)

A molecular biology method, fluorescent in situ hybridization（FISH）, in which the pre-treatment was improved in allusion to the media of the constructed wetlands（CW）, e.g. the soil and the grit, was used to investigate the vertical distribution characteristics of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria（AOB） quantity and the relation with oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） in the Typha latifolia constructed wetlands under three different Ioadings in summer from May to September. Results showed that the quantity of the AOB decreased in the Typha latifolia CW with the increase of vertical depth. However, the AOB quantity was 2-4 times the quantity of the control in the root area. Additionally, ORP in the rhizosphere was found to be higher than other areas, which showed that Typha latifolia CW was in an aerobic state in summer when using simulated non-point sewage at the rural area of Taihu Lake in China and small town combined sewage.     

PO4^3-和柠檬酸对稀土元素在小麦体内积累和分异的影响

基于营养液培养,添加外源稀土和ICP-MS分析技术,研究了无机配体PO43-(Pi)及有机配体柠檬酸(Cit)对小麦器官中稀土元素积累和分异的影响.结果表明,不同Pi水平对小麦根中的稀土总含量(∑REE)影响较小,但显著降低叶中∑REE含量;而不同Cit水平对小麦根、叶中∑REE含量都有明显降低作用.对照植物(无Pi、Cit添加)中,稀土元素在小麦根中具有中稀土(MREE)富集及M-型四重效应分布特征,叶中有重稀土(HREE)富集及W-型四重效应分布特征.不同Pi处理对四重效应无明显作用,但进一步加强HREE在小麦叶片中的富集.添加柠檬酸使对照植物根和叶中的分异有逐渐减弱的趋势,在高浓度处理时(Cit≥150μmol.L-1),小麦根和叶中出现轻稀土(LREE)富集.     

滇东南南秧田两种不同成因类型白钨矿的稀土元素地球化学特征

滇东南南秧田白钨矿矿石类型有两种：矽卡岩型和石英脉型。研究结果表明，不同矿石类型中的白钨矿，在∑REE、LREE／HREE比值、δEN伍和（La／Yb）N比值等地球化学率数方面有着明显的差异．反映出矿石矿物形成于不同的地质地球化学环境。而且，根据白钨矿中稀土元素的组成特征和La、Ce和Y的含量可有效地判别不同矿石类型的成因和物质来源。     

重庆某发电厂煤中微量元素的初步研究

重庆市是一个以煤为主要能源的城市，煤在能源消耗中占的比例长期保持在2／3左右。煤在燃烧过程中会释放出有毒有害物质，对环境和人体健康造成危害。为了保护重庆市民的身体健康，制定更加科学的有毒有害物质污染控制对策，本文以某电厂用煤为研究对象，分析了24个煤样中Hg、As、Se、Pb、Cd、Zn、Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Li、Ni、V、Zr等微量元素的含量水平。结果表明：Hg、As、Se、Cd和Li等元素的浓度克拉克值大于l，说明这些元素在煤中呈富集状态：其余元素的浓度克拉克值小于1，在煤中这些元素呈分散状态。该发电厂然煤中的Hg、As、Pb和Se的含量更高，而其余元素的含量则比北方煤中的低。     

连州电厂湿法烟气脱硫系统的综合评价

从技术性能、经济性能两方面对连州电厂的广东省首套石灰石 /石膏湿法烟气脱硫系统进行了全面的评价     

UV/TiO_2膜深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究了以固定相TiO2为催化剂光催化降解垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物的可行性。试验了制备TiO2膜的适宜条件以及光照时间等各种因素对COD的去除率和UV335脱色率的影响。研究表明,COD为418mg/L的垃圾渗滤液经400W高压汞灯光照30min,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别为44.3%和75.0%。光照时间60min时,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率可提高至54%和90%。光照30min后与活性炭柱联用,COD的去除率和UV335脱色率分别提高到68.3%和84.6%。     

景观及视觉影响评价初探

介绍了国内外开展景观与视觉影响评价的情况和意义 ,提出了景观与视觉影响评价的基本概念、步骤、内容和方法 ,介绍了一种较为简便、实用的用于景观与视觉影响评价的定量方法。提出了进行这项工作的难点问题及设想建议。     

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency by steroid analysis in the amniotic fluid of mid-pregnancy: Comparison with HLA typing in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH

Amniotic fluid (AF) levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and testosterone (T) were determined at 16–17 weeks in 17 pregnancies at risk for CAH and results compared to 75 normal controls. The fetus was predicted to be unaffected in 12 cases on the findings of normal AF levels of both 17OHP and T and the latter allowed a correct prediction of fetal sex in all instances. HLA typing confirmed normality in 12 cases revealing 5 carriers, 5 homozygous normal and 2 indeterminate. Steroid levels of the 2 groups were similar. Three fetuses were predicted to be CAH affected on unambiguously high levels of 17OHP and T (in female only). HLA typing was in agreement, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 2 abortuses and a female newborn by physical and hormonal studies. In the last 2 cases AF levels of OHP and T were normal but HLA (A/B/C) genotypes were identical to the CAH affected siblings. Normal physical and hormonal findings in the 2 aborted fetuses would exclude the possibility of an in utero virilizing form of CAH. The discrepancy could be explained on the basis that the fetuses had an allelic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency or on the basis of recombination (not fully tested). It is concluded that a fully informative prenatal diagnosis of CAH should not rely entirely on HLA typing but on hormonal studies.     

氧化絮凝复合床预处理印染废水的试验研究

在传统铁屑内电解的基础上,提出了氧化絮凝复合床的新技术,并使用该方法对印染废水预处理进行研究,确定了pH值,反应时间等工艺参数的影响。实验结果显示,在酸性条件下,pH为6左右,停留时间为30～45min,处理效果基本达到稳定。COD的去除率可达30%～90%,色度去除率均可达95%以上,且可提高废水的可生化性,为后续生化处理创造了有利条件。另外还研究了加盐Na2CO3,催化剂MnO2,TiO2对印染废水的处理效果。研究表明加以上添加剂后,处理效果均有所提高。该工艺以其设备简单,成本低,操作方便,预处理效果好,以废治废等优点而广受青睐,具有较好的研究价值和工程使用前景。     

生物砂滤池对有机物和氨氮的去除

当在常规工艺前加生物预处理并取消预加氯时,砂滤池就成为生物砂滤池。与普通砂滤池相比其对有机物、氨氮和浊度的去除率都有很大的提高。实验以珠江源水为水源研究了生物砂滤池对高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、NO2--N和浊度的去除,在实验期间生物砂滤池出水高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、浊度平均值分别为1.32mg/L、0.098mg/L、0.171NTU,其相对于沉淀池出水的高锰酸盐指数、NH3-N、浊度的平均去除率分别为18.52%、72.93%、64.45%,而砂滤池出水NO2--N几乎检测不出来。滤池进水与出水溶解氧的变化也证明了砂滤池中生物的存在,并且生长状况良好。