基于视频监控系统的突发灾害应急评估技术可行性研究

突发灾害救援工作的展开依赖于快速有效的应急损失评估,其技术过程是指快速获取因突发灾害而造成的各类工程结构物的破坏和人员伤亡等灾害现场信息。为此,提出利用广泛布设于城市道路、公共场所、构（建）筑物内部的视频监控设备所捕捉到的影像资料,在技术上通过计算机图像处理技术,结合灾害快速评估技术和地理信息系统（GIS）,对灾害现场以构（建）筑物为代表的工程设施进行监测,提供实时的数据处理结果和现场灾害快速评估信息,从而在最大程度上避免突发灾害救援指挥的无序性,提高应急工作效率。     

Implications for biological invasion of non-native plants for sale in the world's largest online market

Internet trade is increasingly recognized as a dispersal pathway of non-native plant species that is difficult to monitor. We sought to identify non-native flora present in the Chinese online market, the largest e-commerce market globally, and to decipher the effect of existing trade regulations, among other variables, on e-trading patterns and to inform policy. We used a comprehensive list of 811 non-native plant species in China present in 1 of the 3 phases of the invasion continuum (i.e., introduced, naturalized, and invasive). The price, propagule types, and quantities of the species offered for sale were retrieved from 9 online stores, including 2 of the largest platforms. Over 30% of the non-native species were offered for sale in the online marketplaces; invasive non-native species dominated the list (45.53%). No significant price difference was observed across the non-native species of the 3 invasion categories. Among the 5 propagule types, a significantly higher number of non-native species were offered for sale as seeds. The regression models and path analyses consistently revealed a direct positive effect of the number of uses and species’ minimum residence time and an indirect effect of biogeography on the pattern of trade in non-native plant species when minimal phylogenetic signal was detected. A review of the existing phytosanitary regulations in China revealed their inadequacy in managing e-trading of non-native plant species. To address the problem, we propose integration of a standardized risk assessment framework that considers perceptions of stakeholders and is adaptable based on continuous surveillance of the trade network. If implemented successfully, the measures could provide a template for other countries to strengthen trading regulations for non-native plant species and take proactive management measures.     

太湖梅梁湾水环境监控预警体系研究

从水质预警站、实验室深度分析和蓝藻遥感监测等技术集成,监控预警模型构建,监控预警体系建立,应急响应工作 机制等方面介绍了太湖梅梁湾水环境监控预警系统的研究,为太湖流域水环境监控预警提供示范。     

基于视频监控的湖泊滨岸带蓝藻水华实时定量监测方法及应用研究

湖泊作为我国主要饮用水源地,其滨岸带蓝藻水华过度堆积,对用水安全以及生态环境造成严重影响。因此,实时定量监测湖泊滨岸带蓝藻水华,是湖泊蓝藻水华防控的关键举措。基于环湖实时视频监控所捕获的水域图像,采用深度学习方法识别蓝藻水华像素,并根据摄像头成像原理及内外参数准确计算每个蓝藻水华像素对应实际蓝藻水华面积,最后统计分析湖泊滨岸带水域的蓝藻水华总面积。实验结果表明,基于VGG16-UNet模型的蓝藻水华像素识别方法的平均交并比与总体精度分别达到了88.74%与94.10%,优于同类方法;且蓝藻水华面积计算值与实测值具有良好的拟合度 (R²=0.97) 。该方法能够及时获取湖泊滨岸带蓝藻水华的覆盖面积及其动态变化过程,对于湖泊水环境治理起着重要作用。     

Optimization of test interval for ageing equipment: A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach

Reducing the unavailability of safety systems at nuclear power plants, by utilizing the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) methodology, is one of the prime goals in the nuclear industry. In that sense, optimization of test and maintenance activities, which are defined within the technical specifications, represents quite popular and interesting domain. Obtaining optimal test and maintenance schedule is of great significance for improving system availability and performance as well as plant availability in general.On the other side, equipment aging has gradually become a major concern in the nuclear industry since the number of safety systems components, that are approaching their wear-out stage, is rising fast. Nuclear power plants life management programs, considering safety components aging, are being developed and employed. The immense uncertainty associated to the available component aging rates databases poses significant difficulties in the process of incorporation and quantification of the aging effect within the PSA and, subsequently, in the decision-making process.In this paper, an approach for optimization of surveillance test interval of standby equipment with highly uncertain aging parameters, based on genetic algorithm technique and PSA, is presented. A standard standby safety system in nuclear power plant is selected as a case study. A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is used to assess uncertainty propagation on system level. Optimal test interval is derived on the basis of minimal system unavailability and minimal impact of components aging parameters uncertainty. The results obtained in this application indicate the fact that risk-informed surveillance requirements differ from existing ones in technical specifications as well as show the importance of considering aging data uncertainties in component aging modeling.     

Analysis of injury mechanism of the elderly and non-elderly groups in minor motor vehicle accidents

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the injury patterns of noncatastrophic accidents by individual age groups.

Methods: Data were collected from the Korean In-Depth Accident Study database based on actual accident investigation. The noncatastrophic criteria were classified according to U.S. experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommendations for field triage guidelines of high-risk automobile crash criteria by vehicle intrusions more than 12 in. on occupant sites (including the roof) and more than 18 in. on any site. The Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) was used to determine injury patterns for each body region. Severely injured patients were classified as Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) 3 or higher.

Results: In this study, the most significant injury regions were the head and neck, extremities, and thorax. In addition, the incidence of severe injury among elderly patients was nearly 1.6 times higher than that of non-elderly patients. According to age group, injured body regions among the elderly were the thorax, head and neck, and extremities, in that order. For the non-elderly groups, these were head and neck, extremities, and thorax. Severe injury rates were slightly different for the elderly group (head and neck, abdomen) and non-elderly group (thorax, head and neck).

Conclusions: In both age groups, the rate of severe injury is proportional to an increase in crush extent zone. Front airbag deployment may have a relatively significant relationship to severe injuries.     

An epidemiologic comparison of injuries presenting to a pediatric emergency department and local urgent care facilities

Problem

The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiology of injuries presenting to emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) facilities of a single, NEISS-affiliated hospital.

Method

Patient medical records (n = 36,811) were used to compare injury incidence, injury characteristics, and demographic characteristics between the ED, on-site UC, and off-site UC during 2006.

Results

ED presentations were more likely to be open wounds and motor vehicle-related compared to on-site UC presentations. ED presentations were more likely to be system wide/late effects, be made by an African American, or be paid through Medicaid compared to off-site UC presentations. On-site UC presentations were more likely to be made by an African American or be paid through Medicaid compared to off-site UC presentations.

Discussion

ED and UC injury characteristics and patient demographics differ. With no nationally-representative UC injury surveillance, current research likely underestimates injury incidence and presents skewed profiles. Impact on Industry: This article adds insight into the generalizability of ED-based injury surveillance to UC injuries.     

装备质量监督信息资源管理问题探讨

装备质量监督信息资源具有资源总量大,内容丰富,分布广泛,时间跨度长等特点。由于认识不足,装备质量监督信息资源当前在开发上存在着信息采集不充分不全面,信息资源深加工不足,缺乏合理共享等问题;在使用上存在着资源利用率低,利用方式落后,用途单一等问题。为加强装备质量监督信息资源开发利用,根据其特点,提出了统筹规划、深化加工、合理共享、有效利用等对策。     

The development and applications of a Drought Early Warning System in Botswana*

This article describes the indicators and data sources used by the Botswana Drought Early Warning System formally established in early 1984, the main uses of the indicators in the assessment of drought conditions and the design of relief programmes are outlined. Limitations of the sources of data available are discussed, as is the feasibility of adding some possible further indicators. In conclusion, the importance of a functioning Early Warning System in a country highly susceptible to repeated droughts is stressed, in the context of die current effort to elaborate a comprehensive National Food Strategy and to establish a Regional Early Warning System for Southern Africa.