基于多目标决策的节能减排绩效评估

利用全排列多边形图示指标法构建评价模型,从资源能源消耗、污染物排放、综合利用、环保治理及无害化等方面构建节能减排评价指标体系,并对福建省2001-2010年节能减排进行绩效评估.结果表明,福建省节能减排绩效的优劣顺序分别为:2010、2009、2003、2002、2008、2007、2004、2001、2006、2005年.2005-2006年福建省在废物综合利用、环保治理及无害化等方面取得了一定的成效,但与2001-2004年相比优势不明显,而在资源能源消耗与污染排放方面却出现了大幅度的下滑.2007年以来,福建省正在逐步加大重点行业和重点企业的节能减排力度,因此,在节能减排方面取得了较明显的成效.评价结果较好地体现了福建省节能减排的现状与不足,为推动节能减排绩效评估工作的发展提供了科学依据.     

活性污泥合成聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)的研究进展

聚羟基烷酸(PHAs)是微生物合成的作为碳源和能源的贮存物。PHA同时也是一种可完全生物降解的塑料,由于其良好的环境效应及机械性能,受到广泛关注。使用活性污泥及廉价基质合成PHA以降低生产成本有很好的应用前景。文章综述了活性污泥合成PHA的最新研究进展,包括活性污泥合成PHA的工艺、影响因素及提高PHA合成量的策略。     

晶化条件对SAPO分子筛合成及性能的影响

用水热晶化法合成SAPO分子筛 ,通过XRD分析表明 ,在原料及合成物料配比不变的条件下 ,采用不同的晶化时间和晶化温度可以合成出纯的SAPO 5分子筛、纯的SAPO 34分子筛以及SAPO 5和SAPO 34的混合物。以不同的SAPO分子筛为载体的催化剂在NO选择性还原为N2 反应中的催化性能也不同 ,并且耐湿热稳定性也不同。     

Bi_2MoO_6可见光催化去除4BS染料实验研究

以Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O和(NH_4)_6M_o7O_(24)·4H_20为原料,采用预超声-水热法合成可见光催化剂Bi_2MoO_6,考察了在可见光催化条件下,催化剂的用量、污染物初始浓度、溶液pH值等因素对偶氮染料直接耐酸大红4BS去除效果的影响.结果表明,4Bs溶液初始浓度为20mg·l~(-1)、原始pH值6.90条件下,催化剂的最佳投加量为2g·l~(-1),光照60min后,4BS去除率达到92.7%;在实验浓度20-100mg·l~(-1)的范围内,催化剂投加量为2.0g·l~(-1),光照210min后染料去除量最大可达到约50mg·l~(-1),溶液在弱酸或弱碱性条件下脱色较为稳定,在强酸或强碱性条件下脱色较快,效果明显;催化剂重复使用前后结构和成分稳定,但光催化活性有所下降.     

苯基改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成与表征

采用一步法在酸性条件下以聚乙氧基聚丙氧基聚乙氧基三嵌段共聚物(P123)为模板剂,用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMS)直接缩合制备了苯基改性介孔分子筛Ph-SBA-15,并用红外光谱(FTIR)、小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、热重分析(TGA)、透射电镜(TEM)和氮气吸附-脱附对样品进行了表征。结果表明,制备的样品不仅保持了高度有序的SBA-15的二维六角结构,而且具有较高的热稳定性,较大的比表面,孔容和孔径。     

紫外光固化磷氮类丙烯酸酯的制备及其阻燃性能

报道了多种结构的低粘度多官能团有机磷(甲基)丙烯酸酯的合成,并对其固化膜的阻燃性能和阻燃机理进行了研究,重点讨论了其对于紫外光固化环氧丙烯酸酯和聚氨酯丙烯酸酯固化膜阻燃性能和降解机理的影响,以及有机磷丙烯酸酯体系膨胀机理和阻燃行为.     

Prenatal diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency with defective synthesis of HLA molecules

The immunodeficiency associated with a defective expression of HLA molecules is an autosomal recessive disorder leading to death during childhood. We have performed prenatal diagnosis for six fetuses at risk for this disease by membrane immunofluorescence on blood lymphocytes and monocytes, using specific monoclonal antibodies for HLA class I and II molecules. Two pregnancies have been found to be affected. The diagnosis has been confirmed on each abortus by the study of the membrane expression of HLA class I and II molecules on blood lymphocytes and monocytes, and on thymic and splenic cells. The four other cases were found to be normal both during pregnancy and after birth. The detection of the defect as early as the 20th week of gestation allows selective termination.     

Problems in prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia by fetal blood analysis: β-chain variant comigrating with gamma chains

This report describes a couple at risk for β thalassaemia in which one spouse was heterozygous for classical high Hb A2 β-thalassaemia while the other had the compound heterozygous state for β⁺-thalassaemia and a β-chain variant. This variant comigrates on carboxymethyl-cellulose columns (CMC) with γ-chains, indicating that globin separation on CMC columns could not have been used for fetal diagnosis. The β-chain variant migrates separately from the other globin chains on HPLC and the respective abnormal haemoglobin can be separated by isoelectrofocusing. Oligonucleotide hybridization showed that both parents were carriers of the β⁺ IVS-1, nt 6 mutation. Prenatal diagnosis was successfully accomplished by oligo-nucleotide analysis on trophoblast DNA. This case indicates that an Antenatal Service should have alternative methods to CMC columns so as to carry out prenatal diagnosis of β-thalassaemia in uncommon cases.     

水镁石-水体系氢同位素分馏系数的低温实验研究

分别以氯化镁和氮化镁作为起始物料，在低温（25～90℃）溶液中采用化学方法合成水镁石．然后分别测定水镁石和水的氢同位素组成，得到水镁石-水体系的氢同位素分馏方程为：103lna=－4．88×106／T2－22．54。由于矿物-水体系氢同位素分馏的压力效应，本研究通过大气压力下的实验得到的分馏系数值，系统地低于根据高温（510～100℃）高压（100～103MPa）热液交换实验结果向低温方向外推获得的分馏系数值。与已知的其它含羟基矿物-水体系低温氢同位素分馏曲线比较的结果表明，在热力学平衡条件下，水镁石相对于高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石亏损D，但相对于外铁矿富集D。因此，合羟基矿物存在如下D富集顺序：Al－OH＞Mg－OH＞Fe－OH。     

Synthesis of branched para-nonylphenol isomers: occurrence and quantification in two commercial mixtures

Eight tertiary nonanols were synthesized via Grignard reaction and coupled by Friedel–Crafts alkylation with phenol to the corresponding nonylphenols. Six branched para-nonylphenols (NP) were obtained: 4-(3′-methyl-3′-octyl)phenol (33NP), 4-(2′-methyl-2′-octyl)phenol (22NP), 4-(2′,5′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (252NP), 4-(2′,5′,5′-trimethyl-2′-hexyl)phenol (2552NP), 4-(2′,4′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (242NP) and 4-(4′-ethyl-2′-methyl-2′-hexyl)phenol (4E22NP). Their structures were confirmed by GC–MS and NMR spectroscopy. These six isomers as well as the earlier synthesized 4-(3′,5′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)phenol (353NP), 4-(3′,6′-dimethyl-3′-heptyl)phenol (363NP) and 4-(2′,6′-dimethyl-2′-heptyl)phenol (262NP) were compared with commercial NP mixtures purchased from Acros and Fluka by GC–MS (equipped with a 100 m polysiloxane column). The analyses revealed that all obtained isomers are occurring in different quantities in both commercial NP mixtures.